/** * REST API: WP_REST_Comments_Controller class * * @package WordPress * @subpackage REST_API * @since 4.7.0 */ /** * Core controller used to access comments via the REST API. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @see WP_REST_Controller */ class WP_REST_Comments_Controller extends WP_REST_Controller { /** * Instance of a comment meta fields object. * * @since 4.7.0 * @var WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields */ protected $meta; /** * Constructor. * * @since 4.7.0 */ public function __construct() { $this->namespace = 'wp/v2'; $this->rest_base = 'comments'; $this->meta = new WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields(); } /** * Registers the routes for comments. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @see register_rest_route() */ public function register_routes() { register_rest_route( $this->namespace, '/' . $this->rest_base, array( array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'callback' => array( $this, 'get_items' ), 'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_items_permissions_check' ), 'args' => $this->get_collection_params(), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE, 'callback' => array( $this, 'create_item' ), 'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'create_item_permissions_check' ), 'args' => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE ), ), 'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ), ) ); register_rest_route( $this->namespace, '/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P[\d]+)', array( 'args' => array( 'id' => array( 'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ), 'type' => 'integer', ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'callback' => array( $this, 'get_item' ), 'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_item_permissions_check' ), 'args' => array( 'context' => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ), 'password' => array( 'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ), 'type' => 'string', ), ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE, 'callback' => array( $this, 'update_item' ), 'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'update_item_permissions_check' ), 'args' => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE, 'callback' => array( $this, 'delete_item' ), 'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'delete_item_permissions_check' ), 'args' => array( 'force' => array( 'type' => 'boolean', 'default' => false, 'description' => __( 'Whether to bypass Trash and force deletion.' ), ), 'password' => array( 'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ), 'type' => 'string', ), ), ), 'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ), ) ); } /** * Checks if a given request has access to read comments. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, error object otherwise. */ public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) { if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) { foreach ( (array) $request['post'] as $post_id ) { $post = get_post( $post_id ); if ( ! empty( $post_id ) && $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_read_post', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } elseif ( 0 === $post_id && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_read', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read comments without a post.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } } } if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_forbidden_context', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) { $protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' ); $forbidden_params = array(); foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) { if ( 'status' === $param ) { if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) { $forbidden_params[] = $param; } } elseif ( 'type' === $param ) { if ( 'comment' !== $request[ $param ] ) { $forbidden_params[] = $param; } } elseif ( ! empty( $request[ $param ] ) ) { $forbidden_params[] = $param; } } if ( ! empty( $forbidden_params ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_forbidden_param', /* translators: %s: List of forbidden parameters. */ sprintf( __( 'Query parameter not permitted: %s' ), implode( ', ', $forbidden_params ) ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } } return true; } /** * Retrieves a list of comment items. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure. */ public function get_items( $request ) { // Retrieve the list of registered collection query parameters. $registered = $this->get_collection_params(); /* * This array defines mappings between public API query parameters whose * values are accepted as-passed, and their internal WP_Query parameter * name equivalents (some are the same). Only values which are also * present in $registered will be set. */ $parameter_mappings = array( 'author' => 'author__in', 'author_email' => 'author_email', 'author_exclude' => 'author__not_in', 'exclude' => 'comment__not_in', 'include' => 'comment__in', 'offset' => 'offset', 'order' => 'order', 'parent' => 'parent__in', 'parent_exclude' => 'parent__not_in', 'per_page' => 'number', 'post' => 'post__in', 'search' => 'search', 'status' => 'status', 'type' => 'type', ); $prepared_args = array(); /* * For each known parameter which is both registered and present in the request, * set the parameter's value on the query $prepared_args. */ foreach ( $parameter_mappings as $api_param => $wp_param ) { if ( isset( $registered[ $api_param ], $request[ $api_param ] ) ) { $prepared_args[ $wp_param ] = $request[ $api_param ]; } } // Ensure certain parameter values default to empty strings. foreach ( array( 'author_email', 'search' ) as $param ) { if ( ! isset( $prepared_args[ $param ] ) ) { $prepared_args[ $param ] = ''; } } if ( isset( $registered['orderby'] ) ) { $prepared_args['orderby'] = $this->normalize_query_param( $request['orderby'] ); } $prepared_args['no_found_rows'] = false; $prepared_args['update_comment_post_cache'] = true; $prepared_args['date_query'] = array(); // Set before into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array. if ( isset( $registered['before'], $request['before'] ) ) { $prepared_args['date_query'][0]['before'] = $request['before']; } // Set after into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array. if ( isset( $registered['after'], $request['after'] ) ) { $prepared_args['date_query'][0]['after'] = $request['after']; } if ( isset( $registered['page'] ) && empty( $request['offset'] ) ) { $prepared_args['offset'] = $prepared_args['number'] * ( absint( $request['page'] ) - 1 ); } /** * Filters WP_Comment_Query arguments when querying comments via the REST API. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wp_comment_query/ * * @param array $prepared_args Array of arguments for WP_Comment_Query. * @param WP_REST_Request $request The REST API request. */ $prepared_args = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_query', $prepared_args, $request ); $query = new WP_Comment_Query(); $query_result = $query->query( $prepared_args ); $comments = array(); foreach ( $query_result as $comment ) { if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) { continue; } $data = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); $comments[] = $this->prepare_response_for_collection( $data ); } $total_comments = (int) $query->found_comments; $max_pages = (int) $query->max_num_pages; if ( $total_comments < 1 ) { // Out-of-bounds, run the query again without LIMIT for total count. unset( $prepared_args['number'], $prepared_args['offset'] ); $query = new WP_Comment_Query(); $prepared_args['count'] = true; $prepared_args['orderby'] = 'none'; $total_comments = $query->query( $prepared_args ); $max_pages = (int) ceil( $total_comments / $request['per_page'] ); } $response = rest_ensure_response( $comments ); $response->header( 'X-WP-Total', $total_comments ); $response->header( 'X-WP-TotalPages', $max_pages ); $base = add_query_arg( urlencode_deep( $request->get_query_params() ), rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ) ); if ( $request['page'] > 1 ) { $prev_page = $request['page'] - 1; if ( $prev_page > $max_pages ) { $prev_page = $max_pages; } $prev_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $prev_page, $base ); $response->link_header( 'prev', $prev_link ); } if ( $max_pages > $request['page'] ) { $next_page = $request['page'] + 1; $next_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $next_page, $base ); $response->link_header( 'next', $next_link ); } return $response; } /** * Get the comment, if the ID is valid. * * @since 4.7.2 * * @param int $id Supplied ID. * @return WP_Comment|WP_Error Comment object if ID is valid, WP_Error otherwise. */ protected function get_comment( $id ) { $error = new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_id', __( 'Invalid comment ID.' ), array( 'status' => 404 ) ); if ( (int) $id <= 0 ) { return $error; } $id = (int) $id; $comment = get_comment( $id ); if ( empty( $comment ) ) { return $error; } if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) { $post = get_post( (int) $comment->comment_post_ID ); if ( empty( $post ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_post_invalid_id', __( 'Invalid post ID.' ), array( 'status' => 404 ) ); } } return $comment; } /** * Checks if a given request has access to read the comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, error object otherwise. */ public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_forbidden_context', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } $post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID ); if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_read', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } if ( $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_read_post', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } return true; } /** * Retrieves a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure. */ public function get_item( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } $data = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); $response = rest_ensure_response( $data ); return $response; } /** * Checks if a given request has access to create a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, error object otherwise. */ public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) { if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) { if ( get_option( 'comment_registration' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_login_required', __( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ), array( 'status' => 401 ) ); } /** * Filters whether comments can be created via the REST API without authentication. * * Enables creating comments for anonymous users. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param bool $allow_anonymous Whether to allow anonymous comments to * be created. Default `false`. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to generate the * response. */ $allow_anonymous = apply_filters( 'rest_allow_anonymous_comments', false, $request ); if ( ! $allow_anonymous ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_login_required', __( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ), array( 'status' => 401 ) ); } } // Limit who can set comment `author`, `author_ip` or `status` to anything other than the default. if ( isset( $request['author'] ) && get_current_user_id() !== $request['author'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_author', /* translators: %s: Request parameter. */ sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { if ( empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) || $request['author_ip'] !== $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_author_ip', /* translators: %s: Request parameter. */ sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author_ip' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } } if ( isset( $request['status'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_status', /* translators: %s: Request parameter. */ sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'status' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } if ( empty( $request['post'] ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_post_id', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } $post = get_post( (int) $request['post'] ); if ( ! $post ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_post_id', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } if ( 'draft' === $post->post_status ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_draft_post', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } if ( 'trash' === $post->post_status ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_trash_post', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } if ( ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_read_post', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } if ( ! comments_open( $post->ID ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_closed', __( 'Sorry, comments are closed for this item.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } return true; } /** * Creates a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure. */ public function create_item( $request ) { if ( ! empty( $request['id'] ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_exists', __( 'Cannot create existing comment.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } // Do not allow comments to be created with a non-default type. if ( ! empty( $request['type'] ) && 'comment' !== $request['type'] ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_invalid_comment_type', __( 'Cannot create a comment with that type.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } $prepared_comment = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request ); if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) { return $prepared_comment; } $prepared_comment['comment_type'] = 'comment'; if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_content'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_content'] = ''; } if ( ! $this->check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_content_invalid', __( 'Invalid comment content.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } // Setting remaining values before wp_insert_comment so we can use wp_allow_comment(). if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] = current_time( 'mysql', true ); } // Set author data if the user's logged in. $missing_author = empty( $prepared_comment['user_id'] ) && empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] ) && empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) && empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] ); if ( is_user_logged_in() && $missing_author ) { $user = wp_get_current_user(); $prepared_comment['user_id'] = $user->ID; $prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $user->display_name; $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email; $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $user->user_url; } // Honor the discussion setting that requires a name and email address of the comment author. if ( get_option( 'require_name_email' ) ) { if ( empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] ) || empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_author_data_required', __( 'Creating a comment requires valid author name and email values.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } } if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = ''; } if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = ''; } if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = ''; } $check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_comment ); if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) { $error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code(); return new WP_Error( $error_code, __( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } $prepared_comment['comment_approved'] = wp_allow_comment( $prepared_comment, true ); if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment['comment_approved'] ) ) { $error_code = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_code(); $error_message = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_message(); if ( 'comment_duplicate' === $error_code ) { return new WP_Error( $error_code, $error_message, array( 'status' => 409 ) ); } if ( 'comment_flood' === $error_code ) { return new WP_Error( $error_code, $error_message, array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } return $prepared_comment['comment_approved']; } /** * Filters a comment before it is inserted via the REST API. * * Allows modification of the comment right before it is inserted via wp_insert_comment(). * Returning a WP_Error value from the filter will short-circuit insertion and allow * skipping further processing. * * @since 4.7.0 * @since 4.8.0 `$prepared_comment` can now be a WP_Error to short-circuit insertion. * * @param array|WP_Error $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for wp_insert_comment(). * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to insert the comment. */ $prepared_comment = apply_filters( 'rest_pre_insert_comment', $prepared_comment, $request ); if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) { return $prepared_comment; } $comment_id = wp_insert_comment( wp_filter_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_comment ) ) ); if ( ! $comment_id ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_failed_create', __( 'Creating comment failed.' ), array( 'status' => 500 ) ); } if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) { $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $comment_id ); } $comment = get_comment( $comment_id ); /** * Fires after a comment is created or updated via the REST API. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment Inserted or updated comment object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object. * @param bool $creating True when creating a comment, false * when updating. */ do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true ); $schema = $this->get_item_schema(); if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) { $meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $comment_id ); if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) { return $meta_update; } } $fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request ); if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) { return $fields_update; } $context = current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ? 'edit' : 'view'; $request->set_param( 'context', $context ); /** * Fires completely after a comment is created or updated via the REST API. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment Inserted or updated comment object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object. * @param bool $creating True when creating a comment, false * when updating. */ do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true ); $response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); $response = rest_ensure_response( $response ); $response->set_status( 201 ); $response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment_id ) ) ); return $response; } /** * Checks if a given REST request has access to update a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to update the item, error object otherwise. */ public function update_item_permissions_check( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_edit', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } return true; } /** * Updates a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure. */ public function update_item( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } $id = $comment->comment_ID; if ( isset( $request['type'] ) && get_comment_type( $id ) !== $request['type'] ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_type', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to change the comment type.' ), array( 'status' => 404 ) ); } $prepared_args = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request ); if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) { return $prepared_args; } if ( ! empty( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] ) ) { $post = get_post( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] ); if ( empty( $post ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_invalid_post_id', __( 'Invalid post ID.' ), array( 'status' => 403 ) ); } } if ( empty( $prepared_args ) && isset( $request['status'] ) ) { // Only the comment status is being changed. $change = $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id ); if ( ! $change ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_failed_edit', __( 'Updating comment status failed.' ), array( 'status' => 500 ) ); } } elseif ( ! empty( $prepared_args ) ) { if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) { return $prepared_args; } if ( isset( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) && empty( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_content_invalid', __( 'Invalid comment content.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } $prepared_args['comment_ID'] = $id; $check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_args ); if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) { $error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code(); return new WP_Error( $error_code, __( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } $updated = wp_update_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_args ), true ); if ( is_wp_error( $updated ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_failed_edit', __( 'Updating comment failed.' ), array( 'status' => 500 ) ); } if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) { $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id ); } } $comment = get_comment( $id ); /** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */ do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false ); $schema = $this->get_item_schema(); if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) { $meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $id ); if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) { return $meta_update; } } $fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request ); if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) { return $fields_update; } $request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' ); /** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */ do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false ); $response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); return rest_ensure_response( $response ); } /** * Checks if a given request has access to delete a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, error object otherwise. */ public function delete_item_permissions_check( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_delete', __( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete this comment.' ), array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() ) ); } return true; } /** * Deletes a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure. */ public function delete_item( $request ) { $comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] ); if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) { return $comment; } $force = isset( $request['force'] ) ? (bool) $request['force'] : false; /** * Filters whether a comment can be trashed via the REST API. * * Return false to disable trash support for the comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param bool $supports_trash Whether the comment supports trashing. * @param WP_Comment $comment The comment object being considered for trashing support. */ $supports_trash = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_trashable', ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS > 0 ), $comment ); $request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' ); if ( $force ) { $previous = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); $result = wp_delete_comment( $comment->comment_ID, true ); $response = new WP_REST_Response(); $response->set_data( array( 'deleted' => true, 'previous' => $previous->get_data(), ) ); } else { // If this type doesn't support trashing, error out. if ( ! $supports_trash ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_trash_not_supported', /* translators: %s: force=true */ sprintf( __( "The comment does not support trashing. Set '%s' to delete." ), 'force=true' ), array( 'status' => 501 ) ); } if ( 'trash' === $comment->comment_approved ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_already_trashed', __( 'The comment has already been trashed.' ), array( 'status' => 410 ) ); } $result = wp_trash_comment( $comment->comment_ID ); $comment = get_comment( $comment->comment_ID ); $response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request ); } if ( ! $result ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_cannot_delete', __( 'The comment cannot be deleted.' ), array( 'status' => 500 ) ); } /** * Fires after a comment is deleted via the REST API. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment The deleted comment data. * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response returned from the API. * @param WP_REST_Request $request The request sent to the API. */ do_action( 'rest_delete_comment', $comment, $response, $request ); return $response; } /** * Prepares a single comment output for response. * * @since 4.7.0 * @since 5.9.0 Renamed `$comment` to `$item` to match parent class for PHP 8 named parameter support. * * @param WP_Comment $item Comment object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object. * @return WP_REST_Response Response object. */ public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) { // Restores the more descriptive, specific name for use within this method. $comment = $item; $fields = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request ); $data = array(); if ( in_array( 'id', $fields, true ) ) { $data['id'] = (int) $comment->comment_ID; } if ( in_array( 'post', $fields, true ) ) { $data['post'] = (int) $comment->comment_post_ID; } if ( in_array( 'parent', $fields, true ) ) { $data['parent'] = (int) $comment->comment_parent; } if ( in_array( 'author', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author'] = (int) $comment->user_id; } if ( in_array( 'author_name', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_name'] = $comment->comment_author; } if ( in_array( 'author_email', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_email'] = $comment->comment_author_email; } if ( in_array( 'author_url', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_url'] = $comment->comment_author_url; } if ( in_array( 'author_ip', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_ip'] = $comment->comment_author_IP; } if ( in_array( 'author_user_agent', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_user_agent'] = $comment->comment_agent; } if ( in_array( 'date', $fields, true ) ) { $data['date'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date ); } if ( in_array( 'date_gmt', $fields, true ) ) { $data['date_gmt'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date_gmt ); } if ( in_array( 'content', $fields, true ) ) { $data['content'] = array( /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment-template.php */ 'rendered' => apply_filters( 'comment_text', $comment->comment_content, $comment, array() ), 'raw' => $comment->comment_content, ); } if ( in_array( 'link', $fields, true ) ) { $data['link'] = get_comment_link( $comment ); } if ( in_array( 'status', $fields, true ) ) { $data['status'] = $this->prepare_status_response( $comment->comment_approved ); } if ( in_array( 'type', $fields, true ) ) { $data['type'] = get_comment_type( $comment->comment_ID ); } if ( in_array( 'author_avatar_urls', $fields, true ) ) { $data['author_avatar_urls'] = rest_get_avatar_urls( $comment ); } if ( in_array( 'meta', $fields, true ) ) { $data['meta'] = $this->meta->get_value( $comment->comment_ID, $request ); } $context = ! empty( $request['context'] ) ? $request['context'] : 'view'; $data = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $data, $request ); $data = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context ); // Wrap the data in a response object. $response = rest_ensure_response( $data ); if ( rest_is_field_included( '_links', $fields ) || rest_is_field_included( '_embedded', $fields ) ) { $response->add_links( $this->prepare_links( $comment ) ); } /** * Filters a comment returned from the REST API. * * Allows modification of the comment right before it is returned. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response object. * @param WP_Comment $comment The original comment object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to generate the response. */ return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_comment', $response, $comment, $request ); } /** * Prepares links for the request. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object. * @return array Links for the given comment. */ protected function prepare_links( $comment ) { $links = array( 'self' => array( 'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_ID ) ), ), 'collection' => array( 'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ), ), ); if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->user_id ) { $links['author'] = array( 'href' => rest_url( 'wp/v2/users/' . $comment->user_id ), 'embeddable' => true, ); } if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_post_ID ) { $post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID ); $post_route = rest_get_route_for_post( $post ); if ( ! empty( $post->ID ) && $post_route ) { $links['up'] = array( 'href' => rest_url( $post_route ), 'embeddable' => true, 'post_type' => $post->post_type, ); } } if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_parent ) { $links['in-reply-to'] = array( 'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_parent ) ), 'embeddable' => true, ); } // Only grab one comment to verify the comment has children. $comment_children = $comment->get_children( array( 'count' => true, 'orderby' => 'none', ) ); if ( ! empty( $comment_children ) ) { $args = array( 'parent' => $comment->comment_ID, ); $rest_url = add_query_arg( $args, rest_url( $this->namespace . '/' . $this->rest_base ) ); $links['children'] = array( 'href' => $rest_url, 'embeddable' => true, ); } return $links; } /** * Prepends internal property prefix to query parameters to match our response fields. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param string $query_param Query parameter. * @return string The normalized query parameter. */ protected function normalize_query_param( $query_param ) { $prefix = 'comment_'; switch ( $query_param ) { case 'id': $normalized = $prefix . 'ID'; break; case 'post': $normalized = $prefix . 'post_ID'; break; case 'parent': $normalized = $prefix . 'parent'; break; case 'include': $normalized = 'comment__in'; break; default: $normalized = $prefix . $query_param; break; } return $normalized; } /** * Checks comment_approved to set comment status for single comment output. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param string|int $comment_approved comment status. * @return string Comment status. */ protected function prepare_status_response( $comment_approved ) { switch ( $comment_approved ) { case 'hold': case '0': $status = 'hold'; break; case 'approve': case '1': $status = 'approved'; break; case 'spam': case 'trash': default: $status = $comment_approved; break; } return $status; } /** * Prepares a single comment to be inserted into the database. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object. * @return array|WP_Error Prepared comment, otherwise WP_Error object. */ protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) { $prepared_comment = array(); /* * Allow the comment_content to be set via the 'content' or * the 'content.raw' properties of the Request object. */ if ( isset( $request['content'] ) && is_string( $request['content'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content'] ); } elseif ( isset( $request['content']['raw'] ) && is_string( $request['content']['raw'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content']['raw'] ); } if ( isset( $request['post'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_post_ID'] = (int) $request['post']; } if ( isset( $request['parent'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_parent'] = $request['parent']; } if ( isset( $request['author'] ) ) { $user = new WP_User( $request['author'] ); if ( $user->exists() ) { $prepared_comment['user_id'] = $user->ID; $prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $user->display_name; $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email; $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $user->user_url; } else { return new WP_Error( 'rest_comment_author_invalid', __( 'Invalid comment author ID.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ); } } if ( isset( $request['author_name'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $request['author_name']; } if ( isset( $request['author_email'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $request['author_email']; } if ( isset( $request['author_url'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $request['author_url']; } if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $request['author_ip']; } elseif ( ! empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) && rest_is_ip_address( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } else { $prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = '127.0.0.1'; } if ( ! empty( $request['author_user_agent'] ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request['author_user_agent']; } elseif ( $request->get_header( 'user_agent' ) ) { $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request->get_header( 'user_agent' ); } if ( ! empty( $request['date'] ) ) { $date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date'] ); if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) { list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data; } } elseif ( ! empty( $request['date_gmt'] ) ) { $date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date_gmt'], true ); if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) { list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data; } } /** * Filters a comment added via the REST API after it is prepared for insertion into the database. * * Allows modification of the comment right after it is prepared for the database. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param array $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for `wp_insert_comment`. * @param WP_REST_Request $request The current request. */ return apply_filters( 'rest_preprocess_comment', $prepared_comment, $request ); } /** * Retrieves the comment's schema, conforming to JSON Schema. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @return array */ public function get_item_schema() { if ( $this->schema ) { return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema ); } $schema = array( '$schema' => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#', 'title' => 'comment', 'type' => 'object', 'properties' => array( 'id' => array( 'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ), 'type' => 'integer', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'readonly' => true, ), 'author' => array( 'description' => __( 'The ID of the user object, if author was a user.' ), 'type' => 'integer', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), ), 'author_email' => array( 'description' => __( 'Email address for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'email', 'context' => array( 'edit' ), 'arg_options' => array( 'sanitize_callback' => array( $this, 'check_comment_author_email' ), 'validate_callback' => null, // Skip built-in validation of 'email'. ), ), 'author_ip' => array( 'description' => __( 'IP address for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'ip', 'context' => array( 'edit' ), ), 'author_name' => array( 'description' => __( 'Display name for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'arg_options' => array( 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field', ), ), 'author_url' => array( 'description' => __( 'URL for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'uri', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), ), 'author_user_agent' => array( 'description' => __( 'User agent for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'edit' ), 'arg_options' => array( 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field', ), ), 'content' => array( 'description' => __( 'The content for the comment.' ), 'type' => 'object', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'arg_options' => array( 'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database(). 'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database(). ), 'properties' => array( 'raw' => array( 'description' => __( 'Content for the comment, as it exists in the database.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'edit' ), ), 'rendered' => array( 'description' => __( 'HTML content for the comment, transformed for display.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'readonly' => true, ), ), ), 'date' => array( 'description' => __( "The date the comment was published, in the site's timezone." ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date-time', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), ), 'date_gmt' => array( 'description' => __( 'The date the comment was published, as GMT.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date-time', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ), ), 'link' => array( 'description' => __( 'URL to the comment.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'uri', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'readonly' => true, ), 'parent' => array( 'description' => __( 'The ID for the parent of the comment.' ), 'type' => 'integer', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'default' => 0, ), 'post' => array( 'description' => __( 'The ID of the associated post object.' ), 'type' => 'integer', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ), 'default' => 0, ), 'status' => array( 'description' => __( 'State of the comment.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ), 'arg_options' => array( 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key', ), ), 'type' => array( 'description' => __( 'Type of the comment.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'readonly' => true, ), ), ); if ( get_option( 'show_avatars' ) ) { $avatar_properties = array(); $avatar_sizes = rest_get_avatar_sizes(); foreach ( $avatar_sizes as $size ) { $avatar_properties[ $size ] = array( /* translators: %d: Avatar image size in pixels. */ 'description' => sprintf( __( 'Avatar URL with image size of %d pixels.' ), $size ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'uri', 'context' => array( 'embed', 'view', 'edit' ), ); } $schema['properties']['author_avatar_urls'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Avatar URLs for the comment author.' ), 'type' => 'object', 'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ), 'readonly' => true, 'properties' => $avatar_properties, ); } $schema['properties']['meta'] = $this->meta->get_field_schema(); $this->schema = $schema; return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema ); } /** * Retrieves the query params for collections. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @return array Comments collection parameters. */ public function get_collection_params() { $query_params = parent::get_collection_params(); $query_params['context']['default'] = 'view'; $query_params['after'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published after a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date-time', ); $query_params['author'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), ); $query_params['author_exclude'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), ); $query_params['author_email'] = array( 'default' => null, 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to that from a specific author email. Requires authorization.' ), 'format' => 'email', 'type' => 'string', ); $query_params['before'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published before a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date-time', ); $query_params['exclude'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific IDs.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), 'default' => array(), ); $query_params['include'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to specific IDs.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), 'default' => array(), ); $query_params['offset'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Offset the result set by a specific number of items.' ), 'type' => 'integer', ); $query_params['order'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Order sort attribute ascending or descending.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'default' => 'desc', 'enum' => array( 'asc', 'desc', ), ); $query_params['orderby'] = array( 'description' => __( 'Sort collection by comment attribute.' ), 'type' => 'string', 'default' => 'date_gmt', 'enum' => array( 'date', 'date_gmt', 'id', 'include', 'post', 'parent', 'type', ), ); $query_params['parent'] = array( 'default' => array(), 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments of specific parent IDs.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), ); $query_params['parent_exclude'] = array( 'default' => array(), 'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific parent IDs.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), ); $query_params['post'] = array( 'default' => array(), 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific post IDs.' ), 'type' => 'array', 'items' => array( 'type' => 'integer', ), ); $query_params['status'] = array( 'default' => 'approve', 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific status. Requires authorization.' ), 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key', 'type' => 'string', 'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg', ); $query_params['type'] = array( 'default' => 'comment', 'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific type. Requires authorization.' ), 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key', 'type' => 'string', 'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg', ); $query_params['password'] = array( 'description' => __( 'The password for the post if it is password protected.' ), 'type' => 'string', ); /** * Filters REST API collection parameters for the comments controller. * * This filter registers the collection parameter, but does not map the * collection parameter to an internal WP_Comment_Query parameter. Use the * `rest_comment_query` filter to set WP_Comment_Query parameters. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param array $query_params JSON Schema-formatted collection parameters. */ return apply_filters( 'rest_comment_collection_params', $query_params ); } /** * Sets the comment_status of a given comment object when creating or updating a comment. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param string|int $new_status New comment status. * @param int $comment_id Comment ID. * @return bool Whether the status was changed. */ protected function handle_status_param( $new_status, $comment_id ) { $old_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comment_id ); if ( $new_status === $old_status ) { return false; } switch ( $new_status ) { case 'approved': case 'approve': case '1': $changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'approve' ); break; case 'hold': case '0': $changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'hold' ); break; case 'spam': $changed = wp_spam_comment( $comment_id ); break; case 'unspam': $changed = wp_unspam_comment( $comment_id ); break; case 'trash': $changed = wp_trash_comment( $comment_id ); break; case 'untrash': $changed = wp_untrash_comment( $comment_id ); break; default: $changed = false; break; } return $changed; } /** * Checks if the post can be read. * * Correctly handles posts with the inherit status. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Post $post Post object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check. * @return bool Whether post can be read. */ protected function check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) { $post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type ); // Return false if custom post type doesn't exist if ( ! $post_type ) { return false; } $posts_controller = $post_type->get_rest_controller(); /* * Ensure the posts controller is specifically a WP_REST_Posts_Controller instance * before using methods specific to that controller. */ if ( ! $posts_controller instanceof WP_REST_Posts_Controller ) { $posts_controller = new WP_REST_Posts_Controller( $post->post_type ); } $has_password_filter = false; // Only check password if a specific post was queried for or a single comment $requested_post = ! empty( $request['post'] ) && ( ! is_array( $request['post'] ) || 1 === count( $request['post'] ) ); $requested_comment = ! empty( $request['id'] ); if ( ( $requested_post || $requested_comment ) && $posts_controller->can_access_password_content( $post, $request ) ) { add_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' ); $has_password_filter = true; } if ( post_password_required( $post ) ) { $result = current_user_can( 'edit_post', $post->ID ); } else { $result = $posts_controller->check_read_permission( $post ); } if ( $has_password_filter ) { remove_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' ); } return $result; } /** * Checks if the comment can be read. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check. * @return bool Whether the comment can be read. */ protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) { if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) { $post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID ); if ( $post ) { if ( $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) && 1 === (int) $comment->comment_approved ) { return true; } } } if ( 0 === get_current_user_id() ) { return false; } if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return false; } if ( ! empty( $comment->user_id ) && get_current_user_id() === (int) $comment->user_id ) { return true; } return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID ); } /** * Checks if a comment can be edited or deleted. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object. * @return bool Whether the comment can be edited or deleted. */ protected function check_edit_permission( $comment ) { if ( 0 === (int) get_current_user_id() ) { return false; } if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) { return true; } return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID ); } /** * Checks a comment author email for validity. * * Accepts either a valid email address or empty string as a valid comment * author email address. Setting the comment author email to an empty * string is allowed when a comment is being updated. * * @since 4.7.0 * * @param string $value Author email value submitted. * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request. * @param string $param The parameter name. * @return string|WP_Error The sanitized email address, if valid, * otherwise an error. */ public function check_comment_author_email( $value, $request, $param ) { $email = (string) $value; if ( empty( $email ) ) { return $email; } $check_email = rest_validate_request_arg( $email, $request, $param ); if ( is_wp_error( $check_email ) ) { return $check_email; } return $email; } /** * If empty comments are not allowed, checks if the provided comment content is not empty. * * @since 5.6.0 * * @param array $prepared_comment The prepared comment data. * @return bool True if the content is allowed, false otherwise. */ protected function check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) { $check = wp_parse_args( $prepared_comment, array( 'comment_post_ID' => 0, 'comment_author' => null, 'comment_author_email' => null, 'comment_author_url' => null, 'comment_parent' => 0, 'user_id' => 0, ) ); /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment.php */ $allow_empty = apply_filters( 'allow_empty_comment', false, $check ); if ( $allow_empty ) { return true; } /* * Do not allow a comment to be created with missing or empty * comment_content. See wp_handle_comment_submission(). */ return '' !== $check['comment_content']; } } Napoleon - Eluxhire

Eluxhire

Napoleon

He had been in addition to favorable for the 1859 relationship of one’s Danubian Principalities, and therefore led to the brand new establishment of the Joined Principalities from Moldavia and you can Wallachia. Napoleon doubled the room of your own French colonial empire that have expansions in the China, the newest Pacific, and you will Africa. Simultaneously, the brand new intervention inside Mexico, and this lined up to help make an extra North american country Kingdom less than French shelter, finished overall inability.

  • He seized strength by push in the 1851 as he couldn’t constitutionally end up being re also-chose.
  • France’s state had been improved from the a few wins but the new Republic try bankrupt, as well as the ineffective Index is actually unpopular for the French population.
  • This was confronted by opposition, and you can a first French expeditionary push is actually seemed from the a team of Corsican independence competitors contributed from the magnetic Pasquale Paoli.
  • Of a lot delegates feared one Elba is also alongside Europe in order to continue such a risky push.

By the late Get, the newest Seventh Coalition got sent a few armies to Belgium so you can jeopardize northeastern France in addition to an enthusiastic Anglo-Dutch-German military contributed by the Arthur Wellesley, Duke from Wellington, and you can a Prussian military provided because of the Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. To the 15 Summer 1815, Napoleon marched to your Belgium to fulfill the brand new risk however, try decisively outdone from the Battle of Waterloo (18 Summer 1815). He abdicated once more four months later and try exiled for the alone area of St. Helena on the Southern Atlantic. Their health steadily deteriorated up to the guy died on the 5 Get 1821, in the chronilogical age of 51. Inside 1813, various other Coalition of European countries outdone their pushes in the Leipzig. Below a year later, the guy escaped Elba and you may temporarily returned to function as Emperor from France again.

Immediately after a series of armed forces defeats within the 1812–13, Napoleon are obligated to abdicate the fresh French throne for the April 6, 1814. Napoleon gone back to strength in early 1815 however, try once again ousted on the Summer 22, 1815. Within the October 1815 Napoleon are exiled on the secluded area from St. Helena regarding the Southern Atlantic Water, where the guy remained up to the guy died on may 5, 1821, at the ages 51.

Where are Napoleon Bonaparte created?

Their assistance of your own the newest French regulators put the Bonaparte https://vogueplay.com/uk/super-monopoly-money/ sisters during the chance with Paoli, just who nevertheless championed Corsican versatility. Rising tensions between your Bonapartes and you can Paoli’s supporters soon pressed Napoleon’s members of the family to escape to help you mainland France inside the 1793. Exiled from his homeland, Napoleon is actually not any longer a great Corsican nationalist but is today the amount of time to the French result in. While in 1789 the new Federal Assembly, which had convened to establish a great constitutional monarchy, invited Paoli to return in order to Corsica, Napoleon required log off and in Sep joined Paoli’s class. But Paoli had no empathy to your child, whoever father got abandoned his result in and you will who he considered to end up being a non-native.

A brief overview of Napoleon, the brand new Challenging, Charismatic Emperor of France

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The guy obtained the fresh Turks in the Syria and you can bombarded the newest years-old structure during the ancient town of Acre. Napoleon noticed a gap to own his victorious get back, very the guy abandoned his troops within the Egypt and you may covertly designed for France. When Napoleon first arrived in Italy, his officers failed to think much of him. He was a little, slim son, merely twenty six yrs . old with no feel leading an army.

If the Russian czar Alexander We recognized out of Napoleon’s blockade of United kingdom goods in the 1811, Napoleon try livid. Up against the information away from their generals, Napoleon chose to inhabit Russia which have one of the greatest European armies actually make, an estimated 600,000 troops out of France, Italy, Germany and you may Poland. After rallying the fresh armed forces to help you defeat the fresh Austrians, Napoleon made the new term out of “Earliest Consul for a lifetime” and you will decided the time had come to bring monarchy to blog post-Trend France.

Price and shock have been their first firearms, in which he paired the fresh independent fingers from infantry, cavalry and you can artillery effortlessly. The guy arranged his pushes in order that armies, corps and even departments might go to your battle and you will endeavor on their own as required. He chose skillful subordinates and then closely matched its efforts. His master from group, Louis Alexandre Berthier, who was simply as often a king from the dealing with strategies because the Napoleon try a master from battlefield programs, ably helped him.

Just after Austria’s stop trying, Napoleon reorganized numerous German claims for the Confederation of the Rhine under his own protection; which personally resulted in the newest dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire inside the July 1806. Napoleon along with deposed the new Bourbon king out of Naples and you will hung his cousin Joseph for the its throne; Louis Bonaparte might possibly be generated Queen away from The netherlands inside 1806, if you are Jerôme got the new Kingdom of Westphalia in the 1807. An attempt to expose an excellent dynasty, Napoleon has usually become slammed to own offering a lot of capability to their reduced competent brothers. In the April 1779, Carlo made use of his the new French involvement with publish their a couple of oldest sons to college in the France. Nine-year-dated Napoleon are enrolled in the new Regal Armed forces College out of Brienne-le-Château close Troyes to start understanding to have a military occupation.

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As an alternative seen as a great reformer and you may a keen autocrat, an excellent warmonger and a defender from rights, Napoleon provides a controversial reputation but stays certainly one of West history’s best-understood numbers. But not, after the devastating inability out of Napoleon’s attack away from Russia inside 1812, the majority of Europe became facing him. He had been beaten and you may exiled to the Mediterranean area from Elba inside April 1814, in order to create a victorious go back to France the following year, birth the period from their 2nd leadership known as the Hundred Months. He was in the future outdone once more during the Competition of Waterloo (18 June 1815), then he had been exiled to own a final time for you to the newest area out of St. Helena from the Southern Atlantic, where he passed away for the 5 Get 1821. Napoleon III nevertheless expected to receive certain payment out of Prussia for French neutrality within the conflict. Napoleon’s senior mentor Eugène Rouher improved the fresh means, asking one Prussia deal with the brand new annexation from the France out of Belgium and you will of Luxembourg, triggering the fresh Luxembourg Drama.

Napoleon manage separation and divorce the girl in the 1809 to wed Austrian Archduchess Maria-Louise, banking for her to create your an enthusiastic heir, and this she performed to your delivery away from a boy, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, after Napoleon II, inside 1811. Napoleon is considered have enjoyed Josephine for the remainder of their life and her identity are reportedly the final word on the his mouth when he passed away within the 1821. Napoleon was born Napoleone di Buonaparte Aug. 15, 1769, on the island away from Corsica, merely has just purchased from the France on the Italian urban area-condition of Genoa.

He was the brand new last, and you may 2nd surviving, boy from Carlo Buonaparte, a legal professional, and his awesome wife, Letizia Ramolino. Their father’s members of the family, out of old Tuscan nobility, got emigrated to help you Corsica on the 16th millennium. Inside 2023, manager Ridley Scott helmed a new biopic only called Napoleon you to released within the theaters to your November 22. The movie superstars Joaquin Phoenix as the French emperor and you may Vanessa Kirby because the Josephine and you will focuses heavily on the tumultuous dating.

Trusted Armed forces Chief

Carlo Buonaparte joined Paoli’s group, but when Paoli had to flee, Buonaparte concerned words to the French. Successful the safety of one’s governor from Corsica, he was appointed assessor for the official district away from Ajaccio inside the 1771. Inside the 1778 the guy acquired the new entryway away from his a couple of earliest sons, Joseph and you will Napoleon, for the Collège d’Autun within the Paris. The fresh coup triggered the new replacement of the extant ruling system—a four-associate Directory—because of the a great three-individual Consulate. The first Consul, Napoleon, got the real strength; additional a couple of consuls was figureheads.

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Mayors in many nations endangered to create the new labels of every electors whom refused to choose. King Louis Philippe had necessary your Swiss authorities return Louis Napoleon so you can France, but the Swiss noticed that he had been a good Swiss soldier and you will citizen and you can would not give your more. Through the their finally months, he experienced periods such disease, incessant hiccups, and you will thrombus. Physicians which used their autopsy governed stomach malignant tumors, made worse by bleeding gastric ulcers, because the cause of Napoleon’s death.

To the April several, 1814, Napoleon abdicated their throne and you may is actually exiled to the little area of Elba ranging from Italy and Corsica. Hicks claims one to Napoleon’s expulsion so you can Elba is “sort of a tale,” less of a discipline to own Napoleon than simply a method designed by the fresh Russians to destabilize Austrian-regulated Italy. Napoleon’s armed forces, totally unprepared to have temperature as low as -22 degrees F (-29 degree C), froze to death by the plenty. And you can on the experience, Cossacks raided the brand new retreating French military, dealing disastrous punches in order to its flanks and butt. Finally, the 2 armies came across from the Competition of Borodino, in which Napoleon put his guys on the a raw, all-time assault you to costs a large number of lifetime to your both sides. The new Russians finally relented and Napoleon marched triumphantly to the Moscow, in order to discover area inside flame.