/**
 * REST API: WP_REST_Comments_Controller class
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage REST_API
 * @since 4.7.0
 */

/**
 * Core controller used to access comments via the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @see WP_REST_Controller
 */
class WP_REST_Comments_Controller extends WP_REST_Controller {

	/**
	 * Instance of a comment meta fields object.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @var WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields
	 */
	protected $meta;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 */
	public function __construct() {
		$this->namespace = 'wp/v2';
		$this->rest_base = 'comments';

		$this->meta = new WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields();
	}

	/**
	 * Registers the routes for comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @see register_rest_route()
	 */
	public function register_routes() {

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base,
			array(
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_items' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_items_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_collection_params(),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'create_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'create_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE ),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P<id>[\d]+)',
			array(
				'args'   => array(
					'id' => array(
						'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
						'type'        => 'integer',
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'context'  => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'update_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'update_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE ),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'delete_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'delete_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'force'    => array(
							'type'        => 'boolean',
							'default'     => false,
							'description' => __( 'Whether to bypass Trash and force deletion.' ),
						),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {

		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			foreach ( (array) $request['post'] as $post_id ) {
				$post = get_post( $post_id );

				if ( ! empty( $post_id ) && $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read_post',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				} elseif ( 0 === $post_id && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read comments without a post.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
			$protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' );
			$forbidden_params = array();

			foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) {
				if ( 'status' === $param ) {
					if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( 'type' === $param ) {
					if ( 'comment' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( ! empty( $request[ $param ] ) ) {
					$forbidden_params[] = $param;
				}
			}

			if ( ! empty( $forbidden_params ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_forbidden_param',
					/* translators: %s: List of forbidden parameters. */
					sprintf( __( 'Query parameter not permitted: %s' ), implode( ', ', $forbidden_params ) ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a list of comment items.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_items( $request ) {

		// Retrieve the list of registered collection query parameters.
		$registered = $this->get_collection_params();

		/*
		 * This array defines mappings between public API query parameters whose
		 * values are accepted as-passed, and their internal WP_Query parameter
		 * name equivalents (some are the same). Only values which are also
		 * present in $registered will be set.
		 */
		$parameter_mappings = array(
			'author'         => 'author__in',
			'author_email'   => 'author_email',
			'author_exclude' => 'author__not_in',
			'exclude'        => 'comment__not_in',
			'include'        => 'comment__in',
			'offset'         => 'offset',
			'order'          => 'order',
			'parent'         => 'parent__in',
			'parent_exclude' => 'parent__not_in',
			'per_page'       => 'number',
			'post'           => 'post__in',
			'search'         => 'search',
			'status'         => 'status',
			'type'           => 'type',
		);

		$prepared_args = array();

		/*
		 * For each known parameter which is both registered and present in the request,
		 * set the parameter's value on the query $prepared_args.
		 */
		foreach ( $parameter_mappings as $api_param => $wp_param ) {
			if ( isset( $registered[ $api_param ], $request[ $api_param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $wp_param ] = $request[ $api_param ];
			}
		}

		// Ensure certain parameter values default to empty strings.
		foreach ( array( 'author_email', 'search' ) as $param ) {
			if ( ! isset( $prepared_args[ $param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $param ] = '';
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['orderby'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = $this->normalize_query_param( $request['orderby'] );
		}

		$prepared_args['no_found_rows'] = false;

		$prepared_args['update_comment_post_cache'] = true;

		$prepared_args['date_query'] = array();

		// Set before into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['before'], $request['before'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['before'] = $request['before'];
		}

		// Set after into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['after'], $request['after'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['after'] = $request['after'];
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['page'] ) && empty( $request['offset'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['offset'] = $prepared_args['number'] * ( absint( $request['page'] ) - 1 );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters WP_Comment_Query arguments when querying comments via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wp_comment_query/
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_args Array of arguments for WP_Comment_Query.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request       The REST API request.
		 */
		$prepared_args = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_query', $prepared_args, $request );

		$query        = new WP_Comment_Query();
		$query_result = $query->query( $prepared_args );

		$comments = array();

		foreach ( $query_result as $comment ) {
			if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$data       = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$comments[] = $this->prepare_response_for_collection( $data );
		}

		$total_comments = (int) $query->found_comments;
		$max_pages      = (int) $query->max_num_pages;

		if ( $total_comments < 1 ) {
			// Out-of-bounds, run the query again without LIMIT for total count.
			unset( $prepared_args['number'], $prepared_args['offset'] );

			$query                    = new WP_Comment_Query();
			$prepared_args['count']   = true;
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = 'none';

			$total_comments = $query->query( $prepared_args );
			$max_pages      = (int) ceil( $total_comments / $request['per_page'] );
		}

		$response = rest_ensure_response( $comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-Total', $total_comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-TotalPages', $max_pages );

		$base = add_query_arg( urlencode_deep( $request->get_query_params() ), rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ) );

		if ( $request['page'] > 1 ) {
			$prev_page = $request['page'] - 1;

			if ( $prev_page > $max_pages ) {
				$prev_page = $max_pages;
			}

			$prev_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $prev_page, $base );
			$response->link_header( 'prev', $prev_link );
		}

		if ( $max_pages > $request['page'] ) {
			$next_page = $request['page'] + 1;
			$next_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $next_page, $base );

			$response->link_header( 'next', $next_link );
		}

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the comment, if the ID is valid.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.2
	 *
	 * @param int $id Supplied ID.
	 * @return WP_Comment|WP_Error Comment object if ID is valid, WP_Error otherwise.
	 */
	protected function get_comment( $id ) {
		$error = new WP_Error(
			'rest_comment_invalid_id',
			__( 'Invalid comment ID.' ),
			array( 'status' => 404 )
		);

		if ( (int) $id <= 0 ) {
			return $error;
		}

		$id      = (int) $id;
		$comment = get_comment( $id );
		if ( empty( $comment ) ) {
			return $error;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( (int) $comment->comment_post_ID );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_post_invalid_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 404 )
				);
			}
		}

		return $comment;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read the comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );

		if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$data     = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to create a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
			if ( get_option( 'comment_registration' ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}

			/**
			 * Filters whether comments can be created via the REST API without authentication.
			 *
			 * Enables creating comments for anonymous users.
			 *
			 * @since 4.7.0
			 *
			 * @param bool $allow_anonymous Whether to allow anonymous comments to
			 *                              be created. Default `false`.
			 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to generate the
			 *                                 response.
			 */
			$allow_anonymous = apply_filters( 'rest_allow_anonymous_comments', false, $request );

			if ( ! $allow_anonymous ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}
		}

		// Limit who can set comment `author`, `author_ip` or `status` to anything other than the default.
		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) && get_current_user_id() !== $request['author'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_author',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) || $request['author_ip'] !== $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_author_ip',
					/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
					sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author_ip' ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_status',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'status' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( (int) $request['post'] );

		if ( ! $post ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'draft' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_draft_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'trash' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_trash_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! comments_open( $post->ID ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_closed',
				__( 'Sorry, comments are closed for this item.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function create_item( $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $request['id'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_exists',
				__( 'Cannot create existing comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Do not allow comments to be created with a non-default type.
		if ( ! empty( $request['type'] ) && 'comment' !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_invalid_comment_type',
				__( 'Cannot create a comment with that type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_type'] = 'comment';

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_content_invalid',
				__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Setting remaining values before wp_insert_comment so we can use wp_allow_comment().
		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] = current_time( 'mysql', true );
		}

		// Set author data if the user's logged in.
		$missing_author = empty( $prepared_comment['user_id'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] );

		if ( is_user_logged_in() && $missing_author ) {
			$user = wp_get_current_user();

			$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
		}

		// Honor the discussion setting that requires a name and email address of the comment author.
		if ( get_option( 'require_name_email' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] ) || empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_data_required',
					__( 'Creating a comment requires valid author name and email values.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = '';
		}

		$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_comment );

		if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
			$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
			return new WP_Error(
				$error_code,
				__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_approved'] = wp_allow_comment( $prepared_comment, true );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment['comment_approved'] ) ) {
			$error_code    = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_code();
			$error_message = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_message();

			if ( 'comment_duplicate' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 409 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'comment_flood' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			return $prepared_comment['comment_approved'];
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment before it is inserted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is inserted via wp_insert_comment().
		 * Returning a WP_Error value from the filter will short-circuit insertion and allow
		 * skipping further processing.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 * @since 4.8.0 `$prepared_comment` can now be a WP_Error to short-circuit insertion.
		 *
		 * @param array|WP_Error  $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for wp_insert_comment().
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          Request used to insert the comment.
		 */
		$prepared_comment = apply_filters( 'rest_pre_insert_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$comment_id = wp_insert_comment( wp_filter_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_comment ) ) );

		if ( ! $comment_id ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_failed_create',
				__( 'Creating comment failed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $comment_id );
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $comment_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $comment_id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$context = current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ? 'edit' : 'view';
		$request->set_param( 'context', $context );

		/**
		 * Fires completely after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 5.0.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );

		$response->set_status( 201 );
		$response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment_id ) ) );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given REST request has access to update a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to update the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function update_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function update_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$id = $comment->comment_ID;

		if ( isset( $request['type'] ) && get_comment_type( $id ) !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_type',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to change the comment type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 404 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_args = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
			return $prepared_args;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 403 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $prepared_args ) && isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			// Only the comment status is being changed.
			$change = $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );

			if ( ! $change ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment status failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $prepared_args ) ) {
			if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
				return $prepared_args;
			}

			if ( isset( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) && empty( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_content_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$prepared_args['comment_ID'] = $id;

			$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_args );

			if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
				$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$updated = wp_update_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_args ), true );

			if ( is_wp_error( $updated ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}

			if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
				$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );
			}
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $id );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );

		return rest_ensure_response( $response );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to delete a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function delete_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function delete_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$force = isset( $request['force'] ) ? (bool) $request['force'] : false;

		/**
		 * Filters whether a comment can be trashed via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Return false to disable trash support for the comment.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param bool       $supports_trash Whether the comment supports trashing.
		 * @param WP_Comment $comment        The comment object being considered for trashing support.
		 */
		$supports_trash = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_trashable', ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS > 0 ), $comment );

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		if ( $force ) {
			$previous = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$result   = wp_delete_comment( $comment->comment_ID, true );
			$response = new WP_REST_Response();
			$response->set_data(
				array(
					'deleted'  => true,
					'previous' => $previous->get_data(),
				)
			);
		} else {
			// If this type doesn't support trashing, error out.
			if ( ! $supports_trash ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_trash_not_supported',
					/* translators: %s: force=true */
					sprintf( __( "The comment does not support trashing. Set '%s' to delete." ), 'force=true' ),
					array( 'status' => 501 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'trash' === $comment->comment_approved ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_already_trashed',
					__( 'The comment has already been trashed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 410 )
				);
			}

			$result   = wp_trash_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$comment  = get_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		}

		if ( ! $result ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'The comment cannot be deleted.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is deleted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment       $comment  The deleted comment data.
		 * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response returned from the API.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  The request sent to the API.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_delete_comment', $comment, $response, $request );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment output for response.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 5.9.0 Renamed `$comment` to `$item` to match parent class for PHP 8 named parameter support.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $item    Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response Response object.
	 */
	public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) {
		// Restores the more descriptive, specific name for use within this method.
		$comment = $item;

		$fields = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request );
		$data   = array();

		if ( in_array( 'id', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['id'] = (int) $comment->comment_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'post', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['post'] = (int) $comment->comment_post_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'parent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['parent'] = (int) $comment->comment_parent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author'] = (int) $comment->user_id;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_name', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_name'] = $comment->comment_author;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_email', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_email'] = $comment->comment_author_email;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_url', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_url'] = $comment->comment_author_url;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_ip', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_ip'] = $comment->comment_author_IP;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_user_agent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_user_agent'] = $comment->comment_agent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date_gmt', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date_gmt'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date_gmt );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'content', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['content'] = array(
				/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment-template.php */
				'rendered' => apply_filters( 'comment_text', $comment->comment_content, $comment, array() ),
				'raw'      => $comment->comment_content,
			);
		}

		if ( in_array( 'link', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['link'] = get_comment_link( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'status', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['status'] = $this->prepare_status_response( $comment->comment_approved );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'type', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['type'] = get_comment_type( $comment->comment_ID );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_avatar_urls', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_avatar_urls'] = rest_get_avatar_urls( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'meta', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['meta'] = $this->meta->get_value( $comment->comment_ID, $request );
		}

		$context = ! empty( $request['context'] ) ? $request['context'] : 'view';
		$data    = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $data, $request );
		$data    = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context );

		// Wrap the data in a response object.
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		if ( rest_is_field_included( '_links', $fields ) || rest_is_field_included( '_embedded', $fields ) ) {
			$response->add_links( $this->prepare_links( $comment ) );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment returned from the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is returned.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Response  $response The response object.
		 * @param WP_Comment        $comment  The original comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request   $request  Request used to generate the response.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_comment', $response, $comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares links for the request.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return array Links for the given comment.
	 */
	protected function prepare_links( $comment ) {
		$links = array(
			'self'       => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_ID ) ),
			),
			'collection' => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ),
			),
		);

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			$links['author'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( 'wp/v2/users/' . $comment->user_id ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_post_ID ) {
			$post       = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			$post_route = rest_get_route_for_post( $post );

			if ( ! empty( $post->ID ) && $post_route ) {
				$links['up'] = array(
					'href'       => rest_url( $post_route ),
					'embeddable' => true,
					'post_type'  => $post->post_type,
				);
			}
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_parent ) {
			$links['in-reply-to'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_parent ) ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		// Only grab one comment to verify the comment has children.
		$comment_children = $comment->get_children(
			array(
				'count'   => true,
				'orderby' => 'none',
			)
		);

		if ( ! empty( $comment_children ) ) {
			$args = array(
				'parent' => $comment->comment_ID,
			);

			$rest_url = add_query_arg( $args, rest_url( $this->namespace . '/' . $this->rest_base ) );

			$links['children'] = array(
				'href'       => $rest_url,
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		return $links;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepends internal property prefix to query parameters to match our response fields.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query_param Query parameter.
	 * @return string The normalized query parameter.
	 */
	protected function normalize_query_param( $query_param ) {
		$prefix = 'comment_';

		switch ( $query_param ) {
			case 'id':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'ID';
				break;
			case 'post':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'post_ID';
				break;
			case 'parent':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'parent';
				break;
			case 'include':
				$normalized = 'comment__in';
				break;
			default:
				$normalized = $prefix . $query_param;
				break;
		}

		return $normalized;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks comment_approved to set comment status for single comment output.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $comment_approved comment status.
	 * @return string Comment status.
	 */
	protected function prepare_status_response( $comment_approved ) {

		switch ( $comment_approved ) {
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$status = 'hold';
				break;

			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$status = 'approved';
				break;

			case 'spam':
			case 'trash':
			default:
				$status = $comment_approved;
				break;
		}

		return $status;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment to be inserted into the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return array|WP_Error Prepared comment, otherwise WP_Error object.
	 */
	protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) {
		$prepared_comment = array();

		/*
		 * Allow the comment_content to be set via the 'content' or
		 * the 'content.raw' properties of the Request object.
		 */
		if ( isset( $request['content'] ) && is_string( $request['content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content'] );
		} elseif ( isset( $request['content']['raw'] ) && is_string( $request['content']['raw'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content']['raw'] );
		}

		if ( isset( $request['post'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_post_ID'] = (int) $request['post'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['parent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_parent'] = $request['parent'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) ) {
			$user = new WP_User( $request['author'] );

			if ( $user->exists() ) {
				$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
			} else {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment author ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_name'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $request['author_name'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $request['author_email'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $request['author_url'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $request['author_ip'];
		} elseif ( ! empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) && rest_is_ip_address( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
		} else {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = '127.0.0.1';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['author_user_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request['author_user_agent'];
		} elseif ( $request->get_header( 'user_agent' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request->get_header( 'user_agent' );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['date'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date'] );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $request['date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date_gmt'], true );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment added via the REST API after it is prepared for insertion into the database.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right after it is prepared for the database.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for `wp_insert_comment`.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          The current request.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_preprocess_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the comment's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function get_item_schema() {
		if ( $this->schema ) {
			return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
		}

		$schema = array(
			'$schema'    => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#',
			'title'      => 'comment',
			'type'       => 'object',
			'properties' => array(
				'id'                => array(
					'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'author'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the user object, if author was a user.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_email'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Email address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'email',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => array( $this, 'check_comment_author_email' ),
						'validate_callback' => null, // Skip built-in validation of 'email'.
					),
				),
				'author_ip'         => array(
					'description' => __( 'IP address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'ip',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
				),
				'author_name'       => array(
					'description' => __( 'Display name for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'author_url'        => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_user_agent' => array(
					'description' => __( 'User agent for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'content'           => array(
					'description' => __( 'The content for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
						'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
					),
					'properties'  => array(
						'raw'      => array(
							'description' => __( 'Content for the comment, as it exists in the database.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
						),
						'rendered' => array(
							'description' => __( 'HTML content for the comment, transformed for display.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
							'readonly'    => true,
						),
					),
				),
				'date'              => array(
					'description' => __( "The date the comment was published, in the site's timezone." ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'date_gmt'          => array(
					'description' => __( 'The date the comment was published, as GMT.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
				),
				'link'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL to the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'parent'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID for the parent of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'post'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the associated post object.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'status'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'State of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
					),
				),
				'type'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'Type of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		if ( get_option( 'show_avatars' ) ) {
			$avatar_properties = array();

			$avatar_sizes = rest_get_avatar_sizes();

			foreach ( $avatar_sizes as $size ) {
				$avatar_properties[ $size ] = array(
					/* translators: %d: Avatar image size in pixels. */
					'description' => sprintf( __( 'Avatar URL with image size of %d pixels.' ), $size ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'embed', 'view', 'edit' ),
				);
			}

			$schema['properties']['author_avatar_urls'] = array(
				'description' => __( 'Avatar URLs for the comment author.' ),
				'type'        => 'object',
				'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				'readonly'    => true,
				'properties'  => $avatar_properties,
			);
		}

		$schema['properties']['meta'] = $this->meta->get_field_schema();

		$this->schema = $schema;

		return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query params for collections.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Comments collection parameters.
	 */
	public function get_collection_params() {
		$query_params = parent::get_collection_params();

		$query_params['context']['default'] = 'view';

		$query_params['after'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published after a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['author'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_email'] = array(
			'default'     => null,
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to that from a specific author email. Requires authorization.' ),
			'format'      => 'email',
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		$query_params['before'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published before a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['include'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['offset'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Offset the result set by a specific number of items.' ),
			'type'        => 'integer',
		);

		$query_params['order'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Order sort attribute ascending or descending.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'desc',
			'enum'        => array(
				'asc',
				'desc',
			),
		);

		$query_params['orderby'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Sort collection by comment attribute.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'date_gmt',
			'enum'        => array(
				'date',
				'date_gmt',
				'id',
				'include',
				'post',
				'parent',
				'type',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments of specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent_exclude'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['post'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific post IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['status'] = array(
			'default'           => 'approve',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific status. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['type'] = array(
			'default'           => 'comment',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific type. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['password'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The password for the post if it is password protected.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters REST API collection parameters for the comments controller.
		 *
		 * This filter registers the collection parameter, but does not map the
		 * collection parameter to an internal WP_Comment_Query parameter. Use the
		 * `rest_comment_query` filter to set WP_Comment_Query parameters.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array $query_params JSON Schema-formatted collection parameters.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_comment_collection_params', $query_params );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the comment_status of a given comment object when creating or updating a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $new_status New comment status.
	 * @param int        $comment_id Comment ID.
	 * @return bool Whether the status was changed.
	 */
	protected function handle_status_param( $new_status, $comment_id ) {
		$old_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comment_id );

		if ( $new_status === $old_status ) {
			return false;
		}

		switch ( $new_status ) {
			case 'approved':
			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'approve' );
				break;
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'hold' );
				break;
			case 'spam':
				$changed = wp_spam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'unspam':
				$changed = wp_unspam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'trash':
				$changed = wp_trash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'untrash':
				$changed = wp_untrash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			default:
				$changed = false;
				break;
		}

		return $changed;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the post can be read.
	 *
	 * Correctly handles posts with the inherit status.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Post         $post    Post object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether post can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) {
		$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );

		// Return false if custom post type doesn't exist
		if ( ! $post_type ) {
			return false;
		}

		$posts_controller = $post_type->get_rest_controller();

		/*
		 * Ensure the posts controller is specifically a WP_REST_Posts_Controller instance
		 * before using methods specific to that controller.
		 */
		if ( ! $posts_controller instanceof WP_REST_Posts_Controller ) {
			$posts_controller = new WP_REST_Posts_Controller( $post->post_type );
		}

		$has_password_filter = false;

		// Only check password if a specific post was queried for or a single comment
		$requested_post    = ! empty( $request['post'] ) && ( ! is_array( $request['post'] ) || 1 === count( $request['post'] ) );
		$requested_comment = ! empty( $request['id'] );
		if ( ( $requested_post || $requested_comment ) && $posts_controller->can_access_password_content( $post, $request ) ) {
			add_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );

			$has_password_filter = true;
		}

		if ( post_password_required( $post ) ) {
			$result = current_user_can( 'edit_post', $post->ID );
		} else {
			$result = $posts_controller->check_read_permission( $post );
		}

		if ( $has_password_filter ) {
			remove_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the comment can be read.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $comment Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			if ( $post ) {
				if ( $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) && 1 === (int) $comment->comment_approved ) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( 0 === get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->user_id ) && get_current_user_id() === (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a comment can be edited or deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be edited or deleted.
	 */
	protected function check_edit_permission( $comment ) {
		if ( 0 === (int) get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks a comment author email for validity.
	 *
	 * Accepts either a valid email address or empty string as a valid comment
	 * author email address. Setting the comment author email to an empty
	 * string is allowed when a comment is being updated.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string          $value   Author email value submitted.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @param string          $param   The parameter name.
	 * @return string|WP_Error The sanitized email address, if valid,
	 *                         otherwise an error.
	 */
	public function check_comment_author_email( $value, $request, $param ) {
		$email = (string) $value;
		if ( empty( $email ) ) {
			return $email;
		}

		$check_email = rest_validate_request_arg( $email, $request, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $check_email ) ) {
			return $check_email;
		}

		return $email;
	}

	/**
	 * If empty comments are not allowed, checks if the provided comment content is not empty.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param array $prepared_comment The prepared comment data.
	 * @return bool True if the content is allowed, false otherwise.
	 */
	protected function check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) {
		$check = wp_parse_args(
			$prepared_comment,
			array(
				'comment_post_ID'      => 0,
				'comment_author'       => null,
				'comment_author_email' => null,
				'comment_author_url'   => null,
				'comment_parent'       => 0,
				'user_id'              => 0,
			)
		);

		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment.php */
		$allow_empty = apply_filters( 'allow_empty_comment', false, $check );

		if ( $allow_empty ) {
			return true;
		}

		/*
		 * Do not allow a comment to be created with missing or empty
		 * comment_content. See wp_handle_comment_submission().
		 */
		return '' !== $check['comment_content'];
	}
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				<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Detailed_exploration_of_traditional_techniques_leading_to_modern_spinania_crafts</h1>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-07-04T18:16:20+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">July 4, 2026</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://eluxhire.co.uk/author/admin/" title="View all posts by admin" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">admin</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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<p class="toctitle" style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center">
<ul class="toc_list">
<li><a href="#t1">Detailed exploration of traditional techniques leading to modern spinania craftsmanship</a></li>
<li><a href="#t2">The Historical Foundations of Spinania – Early Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="#t3">The Role of Guilds and Apprenticeships</a></li>
<li><a href="#t4">Evolution of Materials in Spinania</a></li>
<li><a href="#t5">The Impact of Industrialization</a></li>
<li><a href="#t6">Modern Spinania: Techniques and Styles</a></li>
<li><a href="#t7">The Influence of Digital Design and Fabrication</a></li>
<li><a href="#t8">Regional Variations in Spinania Craftsmanship</a></li>
<li><a href="#t9">The Future of Spinania and Sustainable Practices</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h1 id="t1">Detailed exploration of traditional techniques leading to modern spinania craftsmanship</h1>
<p>The art of crafting beautiful and durable objects has been a cornerstone of human civilization for millennia. From the earliest tools fashioned from stone and bone to the intricate metalwork of ancient cultures, the desire to create has consistently driven innovation and artistic expression. Within this vast landscape of craftsmanship, certain traditions have emerged, boasting unique techniques and aesthetics. One such tradition, though perhaps lesser known to many, is the intricate and fascinating world of <strong>spinania</strong>. This practice, rooted in historical methodologies, has undergone a remarkable evolution, blending traditional skills with modern techniques to produce truly exceptional pieces.</p>
<p><a href="http://spinanias.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spinania</a> isn’t merely a craft; it’s a legacy passed down through generations, a testament to the ingenuity and patience of artisans. It demands not only technical skill but also a deep understanding of materials, a keen eye for detail, and a profound respect for the history and cultural significance of the work. The evolution of spinania reflects broader shifts in artistic style and technological advancement, making it a compelling subject for study and appreciation. Exploring this process reveals a rich tapestry of influences, from ancient methodologies to contemporary design principles. </p>
<h2 id="t2">The Historical Foundations of Spinania – Early Techniques</h2>
<p>The origins of spinania can be traced back several centuries, with early iterations appearing in the workshops of skilled artisans across various regions. While the precise origin point is debated, the earliest documented examples suggest a strong influence from traditional metalworking and textile arts. These early practitioners focused on utilizing readily available materials – often natural fibers, wood, and basic metals – to create functional and decorative objects. The key to their success lay in their meticulous attention to detail and their commitment to mastering fundamental techniques such as weaving, carving, and assembling. The tools employed were simple, often handcrafted, but capable of producing remarkable results with consistent and practiced application. The earliest examples of spinania often served practical purposes, like robust containers or ornamental fixtures, before becoming recognized as an art form in its own right.</p>
<h3 id="t3">The Role of Guilds and Apprenticeships</h3>
<p>The proliferation of spinania throughout history was intimately linked to the establishment of artisan guilds. These guilds served not only as centers for skill development but also as guardians of quality and tradition. Aspiring craftspeople would typically undergo a rigorous apprenticeship, learning the intricacies of the craft from experienced masters. This system ensured that knowledge and techniques were passed down through generations, preserving the integrity of spinania. The guilds also established standards for materials and craftsmanship, protecting both the artisans and the consumers. They effectively acted as quality control organizations, ensuring that any piece bearing the guild’s mark met a certain level of excellence. This period was characterized by a strong sense of community and collaboration among practitioners.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Material</th>
<th>Typical Application</th>
<th>Estimated Lifespan (with proper care)</th>
<th>Regional Prevalence</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Willow Branches</td>
<td>Basketry, Frameworks</td>
<td>5-15 years</td>
<td>Northern Europe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Iron Ore (Wrought Iron)</td>
<td>Structural Components, Tools</td>
<td>50-100+ years</td>
<td>Central Europe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Flax Fibers</td>
<td>Binding, Reinforcement</td>
<td>20-50 years</td>
<td>Mediterranean Region</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Locally Sourced Clay</td>
<td>Decorative Elements, Insulation</td>
<td>30-70 years</td>
<td>South America</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Understanding the historical foundations of spinania is crucial to appreciating its modern form. The dedication to quality and the preservation of foundational skills, fostered by the guilds and passed down through apprenticeships, continue to influence the way spinania is practiced today.</p>
<h2 id="t4">Evolution of Materials in Spinania</h2>
<p>As spinania evolved, so too did the materials employed by its practitioners. While early artisans relied primarily on locally sourced natural materials, the advent of global trade and technological advancements brought a wider array of options. The introduction of new metals, such as brass and copper, allowed for more intricate designs and greater durability. Simultaneously, the development of sophisticated weaving techniques enabled the creation of more complex textile elements enhancing the form and texture of spinania pieces. This expansion in material choice led to a diversification of styles and applications, broadening the appeal of spinania to a wider audience. The availability of imported dyes and pigments also contributed to a more vibrant aesthetic, allowing artisans to express their creativity through color and pattern.</p>
<h3 id="t5">The Impact of Industrialization</h3>
<p>The Industrial Revolution presented both challenges and opportunities for spinania practitioners. While mass-produced goods threatened to overshadow handcrafted items, the availability of new tools and materials also fueled innovation. Artisans began to incorporate machine-made components into their work, blending traditional techniques with modern efficiency. This resulted in a hybrid approach, allowing for the creation of pieces that were both aesthetically pleasing and commercially viable. However, many traditionalists resisted these changes, arguing that the use of industrial materials compromised the integrity of spinania. This debate continues to shape the field today, with a growing emphasis on sustainable and ethically sourced materials.</p>
<ul>
<li>Increased Accessibility to diverse materials</li>
<li>Improved precision with mechanized tools</li>
<li>Potential Loss of traditional skills</li>
<li>Rise of hybrid techniques blending old and new</li>
<li>Demand for ethically sourced and sustainable materials</li>
</ul>
<p>The evolution of materials in spinania exemplifies the ongoing interplay between tradition and innovation.  The ability to adapt to changing circumstances while remaining true to the core principles of the craft has been instrumental in its continued survival and relevance.</p>
<h2 id="t6">Modern Spinania: Techniques and Styles</h2>
<p>Contemporary spinania exhibits a remarkable diversity of styles, reflecting the individual artistic visions of its practitioners. While some artisans continue to adhere to traditional techniques, others are pushing the boundaries of the craft, experimenting with new materials, forms, and technologies. We now see a renewed interest in natural and sustainable materials, reflecting a growing awareness of environmental concerns. Many modern spinania artists are also incorporating elements of other art forms, such as sculpture, painting, and digital art, into their work. This interdisciplinary approach has resulted in a vibrant and dynamic artistic landscape where the possibilities seem limitless. The concept of functionality has also transformed, with many pieces now created primarily for aesthetic appreciation rather than practical use.</p>
<h3 id="t7">The Influence of Digital Design and Fabrication</h3>
<p>Digital design and fabrication technologies, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing, are increasingly being used in the creation of spinania pieces. These tools allow artisans to explore complex geometries and create intricate designs that would be impossible to produce using traditional methods alone. However, it’s important to note that these technologies are typically used as complements to, rather than replacements for, traditional skills. Many artisans still prefer to hand-finish their work, adding a personal touch that distinguishes it from mass-produced goods. The integration of digital tools demonstrates the capacity for spinania to evolve and embrace innovation without sacrificing its core values.</p>
<ol>
<li>Digital sketching and modeling for concept development</li>
<li>CAD software for precise design and measurements</li>
<li>3D printing for prototyping intricate components</li>
<li>Laser cutting for detailed material shaping</li>
<li>Manual finishing and assembly for final refinement</li>
</ol>
<p>The convergence of traditional skill and contemporary technology is defining the next chapter in the history of spinania. It’s a testament to the enduring appeal and adaptability of this remarkable craft.</p>
<h2 id="t8">Regional Variations in Spinania Craftsmanship</h2>
<p>Spinania, like many traditional crafts, displays significant regional variations. These differences are often rooted in the unique availability of materials, local cultural traditions, and historical influences. For example, in coastal regions, artisans often incorporate seashells, driftwood, and marine fibers into their work, creating pieces that reflect the beauty and character of the surrounding environment. In mountainous areas, the focus may be on utilizing wood, stone, and locally sourced metals, resulting in robust and functional designs. These regional styles not only add to the diversity of spinania but also serve as a powerful expression of local identity and heritage.  The specific techniques used can also vary dramatically, reflecting the unique skill sets and knowledge passed down through generations in each region.</p>
<p>The preservation of these regional variations is crucial to maintaining the richness and authenticity of spinania.  Supporting local artisans and promoting cultural exchange can help ensure that these unique traditions continue to thrive for years to come.</p>
<h2 id="t9">The Future of Spinania and Sustainable Practices</h2>
<p>Looking ahead, the future of spinania appears bright, particularly as there&#39;s a growing emphasis on sustainability and ethical craftsmanship. Consumers are increasingly seeking out unique, handcrafted items that are made with respect for both the environment and the people involved in their creation. This trend is driving demand for spinania pieces that are made from recycled materials, locally sourced resources, and using environmentally friendly production methods.  The challenge lies in scaling sustainable practices without compromising the quality or artistic integrity of the craft.  Innovation in material science and the development of more efficient production techniques will be crucial to achieving this goal. It also requires a greater understanding of material lifecycles and responsible sourcing.</p>
<p>Furthermore, fostering a strong community of spinania practitioners and providing them with access to training, resources, and market opportunities will be essential to ensuring the long-term viability of the craft. The key lies in balancing the preservation of tradition with the embrace of innovation, creating a future where <strong>spinania</strong> continues to inspire and delight for generations to come.  This blend of old techniques and new goals promises a vibrant and resilient future for this historic art form.</p>
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