/**
 * REST API: WP_REST_Comments_Controller class
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage REST_API
 * @since 4.7.0
 */

/**
 * Core controller used to access comments via the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @see WP_REST_Controller
 */
class WP_REST_Comments_Controller extends WP_REST_Controller {

	/**
	 * Instance of a comment meta fields object.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @var WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields
	 */
	protected $meta;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 */
	public function __construct() {
		$this->namespace = 'wp/v2';
		$this->rest_base = 'comments';

		$this->meta = new WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields();
	}

	/**
	 * Registers the routes for comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @see register_rest_route()
	 */
	public function register_routes() {

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base,
			array(
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_items' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_items_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_collection_params(),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'create_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'create_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE ),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P<id>[\d]+)',
			array(
				'args'   => array(
					'id' => array(
						'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
						'type'        => 'integer',
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'context'  => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'update_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'update_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE ),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'delete_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'delete_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'force'    => array(
							'type'        => 'boolean',
							'default'     => false,
							'description' => __( 'Whether to bypass Trash and force deletion.' ),
						),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {

		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			foreach ( (array) $request['post'] as $post_id ) {
				$post = get_post( $post_id );

				if ( ! empty( $post_id ) && $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read_post',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				} elseif ( 0 === $post_id && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read comments without a post.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
			$protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' );
			$forbidden_params = array();

			foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) {
				if ( 'status' === $param ) {
					if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( 'type' === $param ) {
					if ( 'comment' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( ! empty( $request[ $param ] ) ) {
					$forbidden_params[] = $param;
				}
			}

			if ( ! empty( $forbidden_params ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_forbidden_param',
					/* translators: %s: List of forbidden parameters. */
					sprintf( __( 'Query parameter not permitted: %s' ), implode( ', ', $forbidden_params ) ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a list of comment items.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_items( $request ) {

		// Retrieve the list of registered collection query parameters.
		$registered = $this->get_collection_params();

		/*
		 * This array defines mappings between public API query parameters whose
		 * values are accepted as-passed, and their internal WP_Query parameter
		 * name equivalents (some are the same). Only values which are also
		 * present in $registered will be set.
		 */
		$parameter_mappings = array(
			'author'         => 'author__in',
			'author_email'   => 'author_email',
			'author_exclude' => 'author__not_in',
			'exclude'        => 'comment__not_in',
			'include'        => 'comment__in',
			'offset'         => 'offset',
			'order'          => 'order',
			'parent'         => 'parent__in',
			'parent_exclude' => 'parent__not_in',
			'per_page'       => 'number',
			'post'           => 'post__in',
			'search'         => 'search',
			'status'         => 'status',
			'type'           => 'type',
		);

		$prepared_args = array();

		/*
		 * For each known parameter which is both registered and present in the request,
		 * set the parameter's value on the query $prepared_args.
		 */
		foreach ( $parameter_mappings as $api_param => $wp_param ) {
			if ( isset( $registered[ $api_param ], $request[ $api_param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $wp_param ] = $request[ $api_param ];
			}
		}

		// Ensure certain parameter values default to empty strings.
		foreach ( array( 'author_email', 'search' ) as $param ) {
			if ( ! isset( $prepared_args[ $param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $param ] = '';
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['orderby'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = $this->normalize_query_param( $request['orderby'] );
		}

		$prepared_args['no_found_rows'] = false;

		$prepared_args['update_comment_post_cache'] = true;

		$prepared_args['date_query'] = array();

		// Set before into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['before'], $request['before'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['before'] = $request['before'];
		}

		// Set after into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['after'], $request['after'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['after'] = $request['after'];
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['page'] ) && empty( $request['offset'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['offset'] = $prepared_args['number'] * ( absint( $request['page'] ) - 1 );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters WP_Comment_Query arguments when querying comments via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wp_comment_query/
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_args Array of arguments for WP_Comment_Query.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request       The REST API request.
		 */
		$prepared_args = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_query', $prepared_args, $request );

		$query        = new WP_Comment_Query();
		$query_result = $query->query( $prepared_args );

		$comments = array();

		foreach ( $query_result as $comment ) {
			if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$data       = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$comments[] = $this->prepare_response_for_collection( $data );
		}

		$total_comments = (int) $query->found_comments;
		$max_pages      = (int) $query->max_num_pages;

		if ( $total_comments < 1 ) {
			// Out-of-bounds, run the query again without LIMIT for total count.
			unset( $prepared_args['number'], $prepared_args['offset'] );

			$query                    = new WP_Comment_Query();
			$prepared_args['count']   = true;
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = 'none';

			$total_comments = $query->query( $prepared_args );
			$max_pages      = (int) ceil( $total_comments / $request['per_page'] );
		}

		$response = rest_ensure_response( $comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-Total', $total_comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-TotalPages', $max_pages );

		$base = add_query_arg( urlencode_deep( $request->get_query_params() ), rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ) );

		if ( $request['page'] > 1 ) {
			$prev_page = $request['page'] - 1;

			if ( $prev_page > $max_pages ) {
				$prev_page = $max_pages;
			}

			$prev_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $prev_page, $base );
			$response->link_header( 'prev', $prev_link );
		}

		if ( $max_pages > $request['page'] ) {
			$next_page = $request['page'] + 1;
			$next_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $next_page, $base );

			$response->link_header( 'next', $next_link );
		}

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the comment, if the ID is valid.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.2
	 *
	 * @param int $id Supplied ID.
	 * @return WP_Comment|WP_Error Comment object if ID is valid, WP_Error otherwise.
	 */
	protected function get_comment( $id ) {
		$error = new WP_Error(
			'rest_comment_invalid_id',
			__( 'Invalid comment ID.' ),
			array( 'status' => 404 )
		);

		if ( (int) $id <= 0 ) {
			return $error;
		}

		$id      = (int) $id;
		$comment = get_comment( $id );
		if ( empty( $comment ) ) {
			return $error;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( (int) $comment->comment_post_ID );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_post_invalid_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 404 )
				);
			}
		}

		return $comment;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read the comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );

		if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$data     = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to create a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
			if ( get_option( 'comment_registration' ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}

			/**
			 * Filters whether comments can be created via the REST API without authentication.
			 *
			 * Enables creating comments for anonymous users.
			 *
			 * @since 4.7.0
			 *
			 * @param bool $allow_anonymous Whether to allow anonymous comments to
			 *                              be created. Default `false`.
			 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to generate the
			 *                                 response.
			 */
			$allow_anonymous = apply_filters( 'rest_allow_anonymous_comments', false, $request );

			if ( ! $allow_anonymous ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}
		}

		// Limit who can set comment `author`, `author_ip` or `status` to anything other than the default.
		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) && get_current_user_id() !== $request['author'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_author',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) || $request['author_ip'] !== $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_author_ip',
					/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
					sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author_ip' ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_status',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'status' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( (int) $request['post'] );

		if ( ! $post ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'draft' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_draft_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'trash' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_trash_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! comments_open( $post->ID ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_closed',
				__( 'Sorry, comments are closed for this item.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function create_item( $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $request['id'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_exists',
				__( 'Cannot create existing comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Do not allow comments to be created with a non-default type.
		if ( ! empty( $request['type'] ) && 'comment' !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_invalid_comment_type',
				__( 'Cannot create a comment with that type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_type'] = 'comment';

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_content_invalid',
				__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Setting remaining values before wp_insert_comment so we can use wp_allow_comment().
		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] = current_time( 'mysql', true );
		}

		// Set author data if the user's logged in.
		$missing_author = empty( $prepared_comment['user_id'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] );

		if ( is_user_logged_in() && $missing_author ) {
			$user = wp_get_current_user();

			$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
		}

		// Honor the discussion setting that requires a name and email address of the comment author.
		if ( get_option( 'require_name_email' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] ) || empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_data_required',
					__( 'Creating a comment requires valid author name and email values.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = '';
		}

		$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_comment );

		if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
			$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
			return new WP_Error(
				$error_code,
				__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_approved'] = wp_allow_comment( $prepared_comment, true );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment['comment_approved'] ) ) {
			$error_code    = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_code();
			$error_message = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_message();

			if ( 'comment_duplicate' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 409 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'comment_flood' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			return $prepared_comment['comment_approved'];
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment before it is inserted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is inserted via wp_insert_comment().
		 * Returning a WP_Error value from the filter will short-circuit insertion and allow
		 * skipping further processing.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 * @since 4.8.0 `$prepared_comment` can now be a WP_Error to short-circuit insertion.
		 *
		 * @param array|WP_Error  $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for wp_insert_comment().
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          Request used to insert the comment.
		 */
		$prepared_comment = apply_filters( 'rest_pre_insert_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$comment_id = wp_insert_comment( wp_filter_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_comment ) ) );

		if ( ! $comment_id ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_failed_create',
				__( 'Creating comment failed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $comment_id );
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $comment_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $comment_id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$context = current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ? 'edit' : 'view';
		$request->set_param( 'context', $context );

		/**
		 * Fires completely after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 5.0.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );

		$response->set_status( 201 );
		$response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment_id ) ) );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given REST request has access to update a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to update the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function update_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function update_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$id = $comment->comment_ID;

		if ( isset( $request['type'] ) && get_comment_type( $id ) !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_type',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to change the comment type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 404 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_args = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
			return $prepared_args;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 403 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $prepared_args ) && isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			// Only the comment status is being changed.
			$change = $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );

			if ( ! $change ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment status failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $prepared_args ) ) {
			if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
				return $prepared_args;
			}

			if ( isset( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) && empty( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_content_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$prepared_args['comment_ID'] = $id;

			$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_args );

			if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
				$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$updated = wp_update_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_args ), true );

			if ( is_wp_error( $updated ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}

			if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
				$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );
			}
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $id );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );

		return rest_ensure_response( $response );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to delete a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function delete_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function delete_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$force = isset( $request['force'] ) ? (bool) $request['force'] : false;

		/**
		 * Filters whether a comment can be trashed via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Return false to disable trash support for the comment.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param bool       $supports_trash Whether the comment supports trashing.
		 * @param WP_Comment $comment        The comment object being considered for trashing support.
		 */
		$supports_trash = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_trashable', ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS > 0 ), $comment );

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		if ( $force ) {
			$previous = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$result   = wp_delete_comment( $comment->comment_ID, true );
			$response = new WP_REST_Response();
			$response->set_data(
				array(
					'deleted'  => true,
					'previous' => $previous->get_data(),
				)
			);
		} else {
			// If this type doesn't support trashing, error out.
			if ( ! $supports_trash ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_trash_not_supported',
					/* translators: %s: force=true */
					sprintf( __( "The comment does not support trashing. Set '%s' to delete." ), 'force=true' ),
					array( 'status' => 501 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'trash' === $comment->comment_approved ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_already_trashed',
					__( 'The comment has already been trashed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 410 )
				);
			}

			$result   = wp_trash_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$comment  = get_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		}

		if ( ! $result ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'The comment cannot be deleted.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is deleted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment       $comment  The deleted comment data.
		 * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response returned from the API.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  The request sent to the API.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_delete_comment', $comment, $response, $request );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment output for response.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 5.9.0 Renamed `$comment` to `$item` to match parent class for PHP 8 named parameter support.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $item    Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response Response object.
	 */
	public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) {
		// Restores the more descriptive, specific name for use within this method.
		$comment = $item;

		$fields = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request );
		$data   = array();

		if ( in_array( 'id', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['id'] = (int) $comment->comment_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'post', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['post'] = (int) $comment->comment_post_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'parent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['parent'] = (int) $comment->comment_parent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author'] = (int) $comment->user_id;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_name', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_name'] = $comment->comment_author;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_email', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_email'] = $comment->comment_author_email;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_url', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_url'] = $comment->comment_author_url;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_ip', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_ip'] = $comment->comment_author_IP;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_user_agent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_user_agent'] = $comment->comment_agent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date_gmt', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date_gmt'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date_gmt );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'content', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['content'] = array(
				/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment-template.php */
				'rendered' => apply_filters( 'comment_text', $comment->comment_content, $comment, array() ),
				'raw'      => $comment->comment_content,
			);
		}

		if ( in_array( 'link', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['link'] = get_comment_link( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'status', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['status'] = $this->prepare_status_response( $comment->comment_approved );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'type', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['type'] = get_comment_type( $comment->comment_ID );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_avatar_urls', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_avatar_urls'] = rest_get_avatar_urls( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'meta', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['meta'] = $this->meta->get_value( $comment->comment_ID, $request );
		}

		$context = ! empty( $request['context'] ) ? $request['context'] : 'view';
		$data    = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $data, $request );
		$data    = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context );

		// Wrap the data in a response object.
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		if ( rest_is_field_included( '_links', $fields ) || rest_is_field_included( '_embedded', $fields ) ) {
			$response->add_links( $this->prepare_links( $comment ) );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment returned from the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is returned.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Response  $response The response object.
		 * @param WP_Comment        $comment  The original comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request   $request  Request used to generate the response.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_comment', $response, $comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares links for the request.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return array Links for the given comment.
	 */
	protected function prepare_links( $comment ) {
		$links = array(
			'self'       => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_ID ) ),
			),
			'collection' => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ),
			),
		);

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			$links['author'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( 'wp/v2/users/' . $comment->user_id ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_post_ID ) {
			$post       = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			$post_route = rest_get_route_for_post( $post );

			if ( ! empty( $post->ID ) && $post_route ) {
				$links['up'] = array(
					'href'       => rest_url( $post_route ),
					'embeddable' => true,
					'post_type'  => $post->post_type,
				);
			}
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_parent ) {
			$links['in-reply-to'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_parent ) ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		// Only grab one comment to verify the comment has children.
		$comment_children = $comment->get_children(
			array(
				'count'   => true,
				'orderby' => 'none',
			)
		);

		if ( ! empty( $comment_children ) ) {
			$args = array(
				'parent' => $comment->comment_ID,
			);

			$rest_url = add_query_arg( $args, rest_url( $this->namespace . '/' . $this->rest_base ) );

			$links['children'] = array(
				'href'       => $rest_url,
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		return $links;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepends internal property prefix to query parameters to match our response fields.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query_param Query parameter.
	 * @return string The normalized query parameter.
	 */
	protected function normalize_query_param( $query_param ) {
		$prefix = 'comment_';

		switch ( $query_param ) {
			case 'id':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'ID';
				break;
			case 'post':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'post_ID';
				break;
			case 'parent':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'parent';
				break;
			case 'include':
				$normalized = 'comment__in';
				break;
			default:
				$normalized = $prefix . $query_param;
				break;
		}

		return $normalized;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks comment_approved to set comment status for single comment output.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $comment_approved comment status.
	 * @return string Comment status.
	 */
	protected function prepare_status_response( $comment_approved ) {

		switch ( $comment_approved ) {
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$status = 'hold';
				break;

			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$status = 'approved';
				break;

			case 'spam':
			case 'trash':
			default:
				$status = $comment_approved;
				break;
		}

		return $status;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment to be inserted into the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return array|WP_Error Prepared comment, otherwise WP_Error object.
	 */
	protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) {
		$prepared_comment = array();

		/*
		 * Allow the comment_content to be set via the 'content' or
		 * the 'content.raw' properties of the Request object.
		 */
		if ( isset( $request['content'] ) && is_string( $request['content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content'] );
		} elseif ( isset( $request['content']['raw'] ) && is_string( $request['content']['raw'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content']['raw'] );
		}

		if ( isset( $request['post'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_post_ID'] = (int) $request['post'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['parent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_parent'] = $request['parent'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) ) {
			$user = new WP_User( $request['author'] );

			if ( $user->exists() ) {
				$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
			} else {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment author ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_name'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $request['author_name'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $request['author_email'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $request['author_url'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $request['author_ip'];
		} elseif ( ! empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) && rest_is_ip_address( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
		} else {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = '127.0.0.1';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['author_user_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request['author_user_agent'];
		} elseif ( $request->get_header( 'user_agent' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request->get_header( 'user_agent' );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['date'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date'] );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $request['date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date_gmt'], true );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment added via the REST API after it is prepared for insertion into the database.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right after it is prepared for the database.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for `wp_insert_comment`.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          The current request.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_preprocess_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the comment's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function get_item_schema() {
		if ( $this->schema ) {
			return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
		}

		$schema = array(
			'$schema'    => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#',
			'title'      => 'comment',
			'type'       => 'object',
			'properties' => array(
				'id'                => array(
					'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'author'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the user object, if author was a user.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_email'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Email address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'email',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => array( $this, 'check_comment_author_email' ),
						'validate_callback' => null, // Skip built-in validation of 'email'.
					),
				),
				'author_ip'         => array(
					'description' => __( 'IP address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'ip',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
				),
				'author_name'       => array(
					'description' => __( 'Display name for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'author_url'        => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_user_agent' => array(
					'description' => __( 'User agent for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'content'           => array(
					'description' => __( 'The content for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
						'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
					),
					'properties'  => array(
						'raw'      => array(
							'description' => __( 'Content for the comment, as it exists in the database.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
						),
						'rendered' => array(
							'description' => __( 'HTML content for the comment, transformed for display.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
							'readonly'    => true,
						),
					),
				),
				'date'              => array(
					'description' => __( "The date the comment was published, in the site's timezone." ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'date_gmt'          => array(
					'description' => __( 'The date the comment was published, as GMT.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
				),
				'link'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL to the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'parent'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID for the parent of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'post'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the associated post object.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'status'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'State of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
					),
				),
				'type'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'Type of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		if ( get_option( 'show_avatars' ) ) {
			$avatar_properties = array();

			$avatar_sizes = rest_get_avatar_sizes();

			foreach ( $avatar_sizes as $size ) {
				$avatar_properties[ $size ] = array(
					/* translators: %d: Avatar image size in pixels. */
					'description' => sprintf( __( 'Avatar URL with image size of %d pixels.' ), $size ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'embed', 'view', 'edit' ),
				);
			}

			$schema['properties']['author_avatar_urls'] = array(
				'description' => __( 'Avatar URLs for the comment author.' ),
				'type'        => 'object',
				'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				'readonly'    => true,
				'properties'  => $avatar_properties,
			);
		}

		$schema['properties']['meta'] = $this->meta->get_field_schema();

		$this->schema = $schema;

		return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query params for collections.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Comments collection parameters.
	 */
	public function get_collection_params() {
		$query_params = parent::get_collection_params();

		$query_params['context']['default'] = 'view';

		$query_params['after'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published after a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['author'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_email'] = array(
			'default'     => null,
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to that from a specific author email. Requires authorization.' ),
			'format'      => 'email',
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		$query_params['before'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published before a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['include'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['offset'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Offset the result set by a specific number of items.' ),
			'type'        => 'integer',
		);

		$query_params['order'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Order sort attribute ascending or descending.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'desc',
			'enum'        => array(
				'asc',
				'desc',
			),
		);

		$query_params['orderby'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Sort collection by comment attribute.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'date_gmt',
			'enum'        => array(
				'date',
				'date_gmt',
				'id',
				'include',
				'post',
				'parent',
				'type',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments of specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent_exclude'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['post'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific post IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['status'] = array(
			'default'           => 'approve',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific status. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['type'] = array(
			'default'           => 'comment',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific type. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['password'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The password for the post if it is password protected.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters REST API collection parameters for the comments controller.
		 *
		 * This filter registers the collection parameter, but does not map the
		 * collection parameter to an internal WP_Comment_Query parameter. Use the
		 * `rest_comment_query` filter to set WP_Comment_Query parameters.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array $query_params JSON Schema-formatted collection parameters.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_comment_collection_params', $query_params );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the comment_status of a given comment object when creating or updating a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $new_status New comment status.
	 * @param int        $comment_id Comment ID.
	 * @return bool Whether the status was changed.
	 */
	protected function handle_status_param( $new_status, $comment_id ) {
		$old_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comment_id );

		if ( $new_status === $old_status ) {
			return false;
		}

		switch ( $new_status ) {
			case 'approved':
			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'approve' );
				break;
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'hold' );
				break;
			case 'spam':
				$changed = wp_spam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'unspam':
				$changed = wp_unspam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'trash':
				$changed = wp_trash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'untrash':
				$changed = wp_untrash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			default:
				$changed = false;
				break;
		}

		return $changed;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the post can be read.
	 *
	 * Correctly handles posts with the inherit status.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Post         $post    Post object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether post can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) {
		$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );

		// Return false if custom post type doesn't exist
		if ( ! $post_type ) {
			return false;
		}

		$posts_controller = $post_type->get_rest_controller();

		/*
		 * Ensure the posts controller is specifically a WP_REST_Posts_Controller instance
		 * before using methods specific to that controller.
		 */
		if ( ! $posts_controller instanceof WP_REST_Posts_Controller ) {
			$posts_controller = new WP_REST_Posts_Controller( $post->post_type );
		}

		$has_password_filter = false;

		// Only check password if a specific post was queried for or a single comment
		$requested_post    = ! empty( $request['post'] ) && ( ! is_array( $request['post'] ) || 1 === count( $request['post'] ) );
		$requested_comment = ! empty( $request['id'] );
		if ( ( $requested_post || $requested_comment ) && $posts_controller->can_access_password_content( $post, $request ) ) {
			add_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );

			$has_password_filter = true;
		}

		if ( post_password_required( $post ) ) {
			$result = current_user_can( 'edit_post', $post->ID );
		} else {
			$result = $posts_controller->check_read_permission( $post );
		}

		if ( $has_password_filter ) {
			remove_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the comment can be read.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $comment Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			if ( $post ) {
				if ( $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) && 1 === (int) $comment->comment_approved ) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( 0 === get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->user_id ) && get_current_user_id() === (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a comment can be edited or deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be edited or deleted.
	 */
	protected function check_edit_permission( $comment ) {
		if ( 0 === (int) get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks a comment author email for validity.
	 *
	 * Accepts either a valid email address or empty string as a valid comment
	 * author email address. Setting the comment author email to an empty
	 * string is allowed when a comment is being updated.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string          $value   Author email value submitted.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @param string          $param   The parameter name.
	 * @return string|WP_Error The sanitized email address, if valid,
	 *                         otherwise an error.
	 */
	public function check_comment_author_email( $value, $request, $param ) {
		$email = (string) $value;
		if ( empty( $email ) ) {
			return $email;
		}

		$check_email = rest_validate_request_arg( $email, $request, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $check_email ) ) {
			return $check_email;
		}

		return $email;
	}

	/**
	 * If empty comments are not allowed, checks if the provided comment content is not empty.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param array $prepared_comment The prepared comment data.
	 * @return bool True if the content is allowed, false otherwise.
	 */
	protected function check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) {
		$check = wp_parse_args(
			$prepared_comment,
			array(
				'comment_post_ID'      => 0,
				'comment_author'       => null,
				'comment_author_email' => null,
				'comment_author_url'   => null,
				'comment_parent'       => 0,
				'user_id'              => 0,
			)
		);

		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment.php */
		$allow_empty = apply_filters( 'allow_empty_comment', false, $check );

		if ( $allow_empty ) {
			return true;
		}

		/*
		 * Do not allow a comment to be created with missing or empty
		 * comment_content. See wp_handle_comment_submission().
		 */
		return '' !== $check['comment_content'];
	}
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				<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Detailed_assessments_concerning_spindog_behavior_and_training_techniques</h1>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-07-19T08:40:40+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">July 19, 2026</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://eluxhire.co.uk/author/admin/" title="View all posts by admin" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">admin</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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<p class="toctitle" style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center">
<ul class="toc_list">
<li><a href="#t1">Detailed assessments concerning spindog behavior and training techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="#t2">Understanding the &#34;Spindog&#34; Temperament</a></li>
<li><a href="#t3">The Role of Early Socialization</a></li>
<li><a href="#t4">Effective Training Strategies for Independent Dogs</a></li>
<li><a href="#t5">The Power of Positive Reinforcement</a></li>
<li><a href="#t6">Managing Challenging Behaviors</a></li>
<li><a href="#t7">Addressing Separation Anxiety</a></li>
<li><a href="#t8">The Importance of Mental Enrichment</a></li>
<li><a href="#t9">Beyond Training: Building a Lasting Bond</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h1 id="t1">Detailed assessments concerning spindog behavior and training techniques</h1>
<p>The term <strong>spindog</strong> often evokes curiosity, particularly amongst those interested in canine behavior and the nuances of animal training. It isn&#39;t a recognized breed, but rather a colloquialism, frequently used to describe a dog exhibiting specific personality traits—a blend of independent spirit, intelligence, and a touch of mischievousness. Understanding the characteristics associated with this “type” of dog, and tailoring training approaches accordingly, is key to fostering a harmonious relationship between owner and companion. These dogs often require consistent, positive reinforcement and a handler who understands their need for mental stimulation.</p>
<p>Successfully navigating the intricacies of owning a dog labeled as a “<a href="https://www.five-lions.co.uk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spindog</a>” requires patience and a willingness to adapt. It’s about recognizing that this isn&#39;t about a deficit in obedience, but rather a unique combination of traits that demand a particular approach to training and management. Ignoring these inherent qualities can lead to frustration for both the dog and owner, potentially resulting in behavioral issues. Focusing on building trust, providing ample opportunities for enrichment, and utilizing methods that respect the dog&#39;s individuality are paramount to success. </p>
<h2 id="t2">Understanding the &#34;Spindog&#34; Temperament</h2>
<p>The term &#39;spindog&#39; doesn’t refer to a specific breed pedigree but rather a collection of behavioral characteristics often observed in certain canines. These dogs tend to be highly intelligent, quickly learning both desirable and undesirable behaviors. This intelligence, while admirable, also implies a propensity for independent thought and a willingness to challenge boundaries. They aren&#39;t necessarily disobedient; rather, they may question the logic behind a command or simply find a more interesting alternative to what&#39;s being asked of them. This often manifests as a selective hearing or a tendency to “negotiate” during training sessions.  They possess a lively curiosity and require a significant amount of mental and physical stimulation to prevent boredom, which in turn, can lead to destructive behaviors. </p>
<h3 id="t3">The Role of Early Socialization</h3>
<p>Early socialization is crucial for any dog, but it’s particularly important for those exhibiting &#39;spindog&#39; tendencies. Exposing them to a wide variety of sights, sounds, people, and other animals during their critical developmental period (typically up to 16 weeks of age) helps them develop into well-adjusted adults. This exposure builds confidence and reduces the likelihood of fear-based reactivity.  A well-socialized dog is better equipped to handle new situations calmly and is less likely to resort to defensive behaviors.  Positive reinforcement should be the cornerstone of these socialization experiences, associating new stimuli with positive outcomes like treats and praise.  Proper socialization sets the stage for a dog that is confident, adaptable, and a joy to be around.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Characteristic</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Intelligence</td>
<td>Quick learners, both good and bad habits.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Independence</td>
<td>Strong-willed, may question commands.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Energy Level</td>
<td>Typically high, requiring significant exercise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Curiosity</td>
<td>Adventurous and prone to exploration.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Beyond socialization, understanding the inherent motivations of these dogs is vital. They respond well to challenges and tasks that allow them to utilize their intelligence. Puzzle toys, trick training, and scent work are excellent ways to keep their minds engaged and prevent them from becoming bored and destructive. Consistency in training is also key, as they are quick to identify loopholes and inconsistencies in rules.</p>
<h2 id="t4">Effective Training Strategies for Independent Dogs</h2>
<p>Traditional obedience training methods, often relying on compulsion or harsh corrections, can be counterproductive with dogs displaying the described temperament. These methods can damage the trust between dog and owner, leading to increased resistance and anxiety. Instead, positive reinforcement training, focusing on rewarding desired behaviors, is far more effective. This involves identifying what motivates the dog – whether it&#39;s treats, praise, toys, or a combination thereof – and using those rewards to reinforce the behaviors you want to see.  The key is to make the training process enjoyable and rewarding for the dog, fostering a positive association with learning. Maintaining a calm and patient demeanor is also vital, as these dogs are sensitive to their handler’s energy.</p>
<h3 id="t5">The Power of Positive Reinforcement</h3>
<p>Positive reinforcement isn&#39;t simply about handing out treats. It’s about shaping behavior through positive association. This means rewarding even small steps in the right direction. For example, if you&#39;re teaching a dog to stay, start by rewarding them for simply holding their position for a second, then gradually increase the duration.  Clicker training can be a particularly effective tool, as it provides a clear and consistent marker signal to indicate the exact moment the dog performed the desired behavior. This helps them understand exactly what they’re being rewarded for. Remember to keep training sessions short and frequent, ending on a positive note to maintain the dog&#39;s enthusiasm.  Variety is also important to prevent boredom; mix up the exercises and challenges to keep them engaged.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Consistency is Key:</strong> Establish clear rules and boundaries, and enforce them consistently.</li>
<li><strong>Reward-Based:</strong> Focus on reinforcing desired behaviors rather than punishing mistakes.</li>
<li><strong>Mental Stimulation:</strong> Provide ample opportunities for mental enrichment through puzzle toys and training.</li>
<li><strong>Patience is Essential:</strong> Accept that progress may be slow and celebrate small victories.</li>
<li><strong>Build Trust:</strong> Foster a strong bond with your dog based on mutual respect and understanding.</li>
</ul>
<p>Furthermore, consider incorporating &#34;choice-based&#34; training. This involves allowing the dog some degree of control over the training process. For example, instead of forcing them to perform a trick, offer them the opportunity to do it, and reward them if they choose to. This can be particularly effective with independent dogs, as it appeals to their sense of agency.  Remember that every dog is an individual, and what works for one may not work for another. Experiment with different techniques and strategies to find what resonates best with your canine companion.</p>
<h2 id="t6">Managing Challenging Behaviors</h2>
<p>Dogs described as &#34;spindogs&#34; may be prone to certain challenging behaviors, such as escaping, digging, or excessive barking. These behaviors are often rooted in boredom, anxiety, or a lack of mental stimulation.  Simply punishing these behaviors is unlikely to be effective and may even worsen the problem. Instead, it’s crucial to identify the underlying cause and address that. For example, if a dog is escaping, it&#39;s important to determine why—is it bored? Anxious? Searching for a mate? Once you understand the motivation, you can implement strategies to address it.  This might involve providing more exercise, enriching their environment, or addressing any underlying anxiety issues. </p>
<h3 id="t7">Addressing Separation Anxiety</h3>
<p>Separation anxiety is a common issue in intelligent and independent dogs. They form strong bonds with their owners and can become distressed when left alone. Symptoms can include destructive behavior, excessive barking, and house soiling.  Gradual desensitization is a key component of addressing separation anxiety. This involves gradually increasing the amount of time the dog is left alone, starting with very short intervals and gradually extending them. Counterconditioning can also be helpful, associating being alone with positive experiences, such as a special treat or chew toy.   If separation anxiety is severe, it’s best to seek the guidance of a certified professional dog trainer or veterinary behaviorist.  Ignoring the problem will only allow it to escalate and become more difficult to treat.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Identify the Trigger:</strong> Determine what specifically causes the challenging behavior.</li>
<li><strong>Address the Root Cause:</strong> Focus on alleviating the underlying anxiety or boredom.</li>
<li><strong>Provide Enrichment:</strong> Offer ample mental and physical stimulation.</li>
<li><strong>Seek Professional Help:</strong> Consult with a trainer or behaviorist if necessary.</li>
<li><strong>Be Patient:</strong> Modifying behavior takes time and consistency.</li>
</ol>
<p>Remember, consistency is paramount when managing challenging behaviors. Everyone in the household needs to be on the same page and enforce the same rules.  Avoid inadvertently reinforcing unwanted behaviors, such as giving attention to a dog when they&#39;re barking excessively. Instead, reward them when they&#39;re calm and quiet.  With patience, understanding, and the right approach, you can help your “spindog” overcome their challenges and reach their full potential.</p>
<h2 id="t8">The Importance of Mental Enrichment</h2>
<p>For a dog displaying independent and intelligent traits, mental enrichment is non-negotiable. It’s not simply about keeping them occupied; it&#39;s about providing them with opportunities to exercise their minds and satisfy their natural instincts. Without sufficient mental stimulation, these dogs can become bored, frustrated, and destructive.  There are countless ways to enrich a dog’s environment, from simple puzzle toys to more complex scent work exercises. Rotating toys regularly helps maintain novelty and keeps them engaged.  </p>
<p>Beyond toys, consider incorporating activities that tap into their natural instincts. For example, many dogs enjoy foraging for food, so you can hide treats around the house or yard for them to find.  Scent work is another excellent option, as it allows them to use their powerful noses to solve problems.  Even simple activities like teaching them new tricks or taking them on &#34;sniff walks&#34; where they&#39;re allowed to explore new smells can provide significant mental stimulation. The key is to find activities that your dog enjoys and that challenge them intellectually. </p>
<h2 id="t9">Beyond Training: Building a Lasting Bond</h2>
<p>While training is essential, building a strong and lasting bond with your dog goes beyond simply teaching them commands. It’s about understanding their individual personality, respecting their needs, and creating a relationship based on trust and mutual affection. Spending quality time with your dog, whether it’s going for walks, playing games, or simply cuddling on the couch, is crucial.  Learning to read their body language and respond to their cues will strengthen your connection and allow you to anticipate their needs.  </p>
<p>Dogs often thrive on having a &#34;job&#34; to do, even if it&#39;s something as simple as carrying a backpack on walks or helping to retrieve the newspaper. Giving them a sense of purpose can boost their confidence and reduce anxiety.  Remember, owning a dog is a commitment, and it requires time, effort, and patience. But the rewards – the unconditional love, companionship, and joy they bring – are immeasurable. Understanding the nuances of a dog often referred to as a “spindog” allows for a uniquely rewarding partnership built on respect and mutual understanding.</p>
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