/**
 * REST API: WP_REST_Comments_Controller class
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage REST_API
 * @since 4.7.0
 */

/**
 * Core controller used to access comments via the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @see WP_REST_Controller
 */
class WP_REST_Comments_Controller extends WP_REST_Controller {

	/**
	 * Instance of a comment meta fields object.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @var WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields
	 */
	protected $meta;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 */
	public function __construct() {
		$this->namespace = 'wp/v2';
		$this->rest_base = 'comments';

		$this->meta = new WP_REST_Comment_Meta_Fields();
	}

	/**
	 * Registers the routes for comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @see register_rest_route()
	 */
	public function register_routes() {

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base,
			array(
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_items' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_items_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_collection_params(),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'create_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'create_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE ),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);

		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P<id>[\d]+)',
			array(
				'args'   => array(
					'id' => array(
						'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
						'type'        => 'integer',
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'get_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'get_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'context'  => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'update_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'update_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => $this->get_endpoint_args_for_item_schema( WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE ),
				),
				array(
					'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
					'callback'            => array( $this, 'delete_item' ),
					'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'delete_item_permissions_check' ),
					'args'                => array(
						'force'    => array(
							'type'        => 'boolean',
							'default'     => false,
							'description' => __( 'Whether to bypass Trash and force deletion.' ),
						),
						'password' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The password for the parent post of the comment (if the post is password protected).' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
						),
					),
				),
				'schema' => array( $this, 'get_public_item_schema' ),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read comments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {

		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			foreach ( (array) $request['post'] as $post_id ) {
				$post = get_post( $post_id );

				if ( ! empty( $post_id ) && $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read_post',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				} elseif ( 0 === $post_id && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
					return new WP_Error(
						'rest_cannot_read',
						__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read comments without a post.' ),
						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
					);
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
			$protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' );
			$forbidden_params = array();

			foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) {
				if ( 'status' === $param ) {
					if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( 'type' === $param ) {
					if ( 'comment' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
						$forbidden_params[] = $param;
					}
				} elseif ( ! empty( $request[ $param ] ) ) {
					$forbidden_params[] = $param;
				}
			}

			if ( ! empty( $forbidden_params ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_forbidden_param',
					/* translators: %s: List of forbidden parameters. */
					sprintf( __( 'Query parameter not permitted: %s' ), implode( ', ', $forbidden_params ) ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a list of comment items.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_items( $request ) {

		// Retrieve the list of registered collection query parameters.
		$registered = $this->get_collection_params();

		/*
		 * This array defines mappings between public API query parameters whose
		 * values are accepted as-passed, and their internal WP_Query parameter
		 * name equivalents (some are the same). Only values which are also
		 * present in $registered will be set.
		 */
		$parameter_mappings = array(
			'author'         => 'author__in',
			'author_email'   => 'author_email',
			'author_exclude' => 'author__not_in',
			'exclude'        => 'comment__not_in',
			'include'        => 'comment__in',
			'offset'         => 'offset',
			'order'          => 'order',
			'parent'         => 'parent__in',
			'parent_exclude' => 'parent__not_in',
			'per_page'       => 'number',
			'post'           => 'post__in',
			'search'         => 'search',
			'status'         => 'status',
			'type'           => 'type',
		);

		$prepared_args = array();

		/*
		 * For each known parameter which is both registered and present in the request,
		 * set the parameter's value on the query $prepared_args.
		 */
		foreach ( $parameter_mappings as $api_param => $wp_param ) {
			if ( isset( $registered[ $api_param ], $request[ $api_param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $wp_param ] = $request[ $api_param ];
			}
		}

		// Ensure certain parameter values default to empty strings.
		foreach ( array( 'author_email', 'search' ) as $param ) {
			if ( ! isset( $prepared_args[ $param ] ) ) {
				$prepared_args[ $param ] = '';
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['orderby'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = $this->normalize_query_param( $request['orderby'] );
		}

		$prepared_args['no_found_rows'] = false;

		$prepared_args['update_comment_post_cache'] = true;

		$prepared_args['date_query'] = array();

		// Set before into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['before'], $request['before'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['before'] = $request['before'];
		}

		// Set after into date query. Date query must be specified as an array of an array.
		if ( isset( $registered['after'], $request['after'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['date_query'][0]['after'] = $request['after'];
		}

		if ( isset( $registered['page'] ) && empty( $request['offset'] ) ) {
			$prepared_args['offset'] = $prepared_args['number'] * ( absint( $request['page'] ) - 1 );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters WP_Comment_Query arguments when querying comments via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wp_comment_query/
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_args Array of arguments for WP_Comment_Query.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request       The REST API request.
		 */
		$prepared_args = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_query', $prepared_args, $request );

		$query        = new WP_Comment_Query();
		$query_result = $query->query( $prepared_args );

		$comments = array();

		foreach ( $query_result as $comment ) {
			if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$data       = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$comments[] = $this->prepare_response_for_collection( $data );
		}

		$total_comments = (int) $query->found_comments;
		$max_pages      = (int) $query->max_num_pages;

		if ( $total_comments < 1 ) {
			// Out-of-bounds, run the query again without LIMIT for total count.
			unset( $prepared_args['number'], $prepared_args['offset'] );

			$query                    = new WP_Comment_Query();
			$prepared_args['count']   = true;
			$prepared_args['orderby'] = 'none';

			$total_comments = $query->query( $prepared_args );
			$max_pages      = (int) ceil( $total_comments / $request['per_page'] );
		}

		$response = rest_ensure_response( $comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-Total', $total_comments );
		$response->header( 'X-WP-TotalPages', $max_pages );

		$base = add_query_arg( urlencode_deep( $request->get_query_params() ), rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ) );

		if ( $request['page'] > 1 ) {
			$prev_page = $request['page'] - 1;

			if ( $prev_page > $max_pages ) {
				$prev_page = $max_pages;
			}

			$prev_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $prev_page, $base );
			$response->link_header( 'prev', $prev_link );
		}

		if ( $max_pages > $request['page'] ) {
			$next_page = $request['page'] + 1;
			$next_link = add_query_arg( 'page', $next_page, $base );

			$response->link_header( 'next', $next_link );
		}

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the comment, if the ID is valid.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.2
	 *
	 * @param int $id Supplied ID.
	 * @return WP_Comment|WP_Error Comment object if ID is valid, WP_Error otherwise.
	 */
	protected function get_comment( $id ) {
		$error = new WP_Error(
			'rest_comment_invalid_id',
			__( 'Invalid comment ID.' ),
			array( 'status' => 404 )
		);

		if ( (int) $id <= 0 ) {
			return $error;
		}

		$id      = (int) $id;
		$comment = get_comment( $id );
		if ( empty( $comment ) ) {
			return $error;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( (int) $comment->comment_post_ID );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_post_invalid_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 404 )
				);
			}
		}

		return $comment;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read the comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['context'] ) && 'edit' === $request['context'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_forbidden_context',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit comments.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );

		if ( ! $this->check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function get_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$data     = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to create a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
			if ( get_option( 'comment_registration' ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}

			/**
			 * Filters whether comments can be created via the REST API without authentication.
			 *
			 * Enables creating comments for anonymous users.
			 *
			 * @since 4.7.0
			 *
			 * @param bool $allow_anonymous Whether to allow anonymous comments to
			 *                              be created. Default `false`.
			 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request used to generate the
			 *                                 response.
			 */
			$allow_anonymous = apply_filters( 'rest_allow_anonymous_comments', false, $request );

			if ( ! $allow_anonymous ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_login_required',
					__( 'Sorry, you must be logged in to comment.' ),
					array( 'status' => 401 )
				);
			}
		}

		// Limit who can set comment `author`, `author_ip` or `status` to anything other than the default.
		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) && get_current_user_id() !== $request['author'] && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_author',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) || $request['author_ip'] !== $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_author_ip',
					/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
					sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'author_ip' ),
					array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_status',
				/* translators: %s: Request parameter. */
				sprintf( __( "Sorry, you are not allowed to edit '%s' for comments." ), 'status' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		$post = get_post( (int) $request['post'] );

		if ( ! $post ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create this comment without a post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'draft' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_draft_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( 'trash' === $post->post_status ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_trash_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create a comment on this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_read_post',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read the post for this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		if ( ! comments_open( $post->ID ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_closed',
				__( 'Sorry, comments are closed for this item.' ),
				array( 'status' => 403 )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function create_item( $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $request['id'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_exists',
				__( 'Cannot create existing comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Do not allow comments to be created with a non-default type.
		if ( ! empty( $request['type'] ) && 'comment' !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_invalid_comment_type',
				__( 'Cannot create a comment with that type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_type'] = 'comment';

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_content_invalid',
				__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Setting remaining values before wp_insert_comment so we can use wp_allow_comment().
		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] = current_time( 'mysql', true );
		}

		// Set author data if the user's logged in.
		$missing_author = empty( $prepared_comment['user_id'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] )
			&& empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] );

		if ( is_user_logged_in() && $missing_author ) {
			$user = wp_get_current_user();

			$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
		}

		// Honor the discussion setting that requires a name and email address of the comment author.
		if ( get_option( 'require_name_email' ) ) {
			if ( empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author'] ) || empty( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_data_required',
					__( 'Creating a comment requires valid author name and email values.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = '';
		}

		if ( ! isset( $prepared_comment['comment_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = '';
		}

		$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_comment );

		if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
			$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
			return new WP_Error(
				$error_code,
				__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_comment['comment_approved'] = wp_allow_comment( $prepared_comment, true );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment['comment_approved'] ) ) {
			$error_code    = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_code();
			$error_message = $prepared_comment['comment_approved']->get_error_message();

			if ( 'comment_duplicate' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 409 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'comment_flood' === $error_code ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					$error_message,
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			return $prepared_comment['comment_approved'];
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment before it is inserted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is inserted via wp_insert_comment().
		 * Returning a WP_Error value from the filter will short-circuit insertion and allow
		 * skipping further processing.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 * @since 4.8.0 `$prepared_comment` can now be a WP_Error to short-circuit insertion.
		 *
		 * @param array|WP_Error  $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for wp_insert_comment().
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          Request used to insert the comment.
		 */
		$prepared_comment = apply_filters( 'rest_pre_insert_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_comment ) ) {
			return $prepared_comment;
		}

		$comment_id = wp_insert_comment( wp_filter_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_comment ) ) );

		if ( ! $comment_id ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_failed_create',
				__( 'Creating comment failed.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $comment_id );
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $comment_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $comment_id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$context = current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ? 'edit' : 'view';
		$request->set_param( 'context', $context );

		/**
		 * Fires completely after a comment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 5.0.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment      $comment  Inserted or updated comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request  Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating True when creating a comment, false
		 *                                  when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, true );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );

		$response->set_status( 201 );
		$response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment_id ) ) );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given REST request has access to update a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to update the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function update_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function update_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$id = $comment->comment_ID;

		if ( isset( $request['type'] ) && get_comment_type( $id ) !== $request['type'] ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_comment_invalid_type',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to change the comment type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 404 )
			);
		}

		$prepared_args = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
			return $prepared_args;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $prepared_args['comment_post_ID'] );

			if ( empty( $post ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_invalid_post_id',
					__( 'Invalid post ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 403 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $prepared_args ) && isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
			// Only the comment status is being changed.
			$change = $this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );

			if ( ! $change ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment status failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $prepared_args ) ) {
			if ( is_wp_error( $prepared_args ) ) {
				return $prepared_args;
			}

			if ( isset( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) && empty( $prepared_args['comment_content'] ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_content_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment content.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$prepared_args['comment_ID'] = $id;

			$check_comment_lengths = wp_check_comment_data_max_lengths( $prepared_args );

			if ( is_wp_error( $check_comment_lengths ) ) {
				$error_code = $check_comment_lengths->get_error_code();
				return new WP_Error(
					$error_code,
					__( 'Comment field exceeds maximum length allowed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}

			$updated = wp_update_comment( wp_slash( (array) $prepared_args ), true );

			if ( is_wp_error( $updated ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_failed_edit',
					__( 'Updating comment failed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 500 )
				);
			}

			if ( isset( $request['status'] ) ) {
				$this->handle_status_param( $request['status'], $id );
			}
		}

		$comment = get_comment( $id );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $comment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_comment', $comment, $request, false );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );

		return rest_ensure_response( $response );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to delete a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function delete_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		if ( ! $this->check_edit_permission( $comment ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete this comment.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or error object on failure.
	 */
	public function delete_item( $request ) {
		$comment = $this->get_comment( $request['id'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $comment ) ) {
			return $comment;
		}

		$force = isset( $request['force'] ) ? (bool) $request['force'] : false;

		/**
		 * Filters whether a comment can be trashed via the REST API.
		 *
		 * Return false to disable trash support for the comment.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param bool       $supports_trash Whether the comment supports trashing.
		 * @param WP_Comment $comment        The comment object being considered for trashing support.
		 */
		$supports_trash = apply_filters( 'rest_comment_trashable', ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS > 0 ), $comment );

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		if ( $force ) {
			$previous = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
			$result   = wp_delete_comment( $comment->comment_ID, true );
			$response = new WP_REST_Response();
			$response->set_data(
				array(
					'deleted'  => true,
					'previous' => $previous->get_data(),
				)
			);
		} else {
			// If this type doesn't support trashing, error out.
			if ( ! $supports_trash ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_trash_not_supported',
					/* translators: %s: force=true */
					sprintf( __( "The comment does not support trashing. Set '%s' to delete." ), 'force=true' ),
					array( 'status' => 501 )
				);
			}

			if ( 'trash' === $comment->comment_approved ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_already_trashed',
					__( 'The comment has already been trashed.' ),
					array( 'status' => 410 )
				);
			}

			$result   = wp_trash_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$comment  = get_comment( $comment->comment_ID );
			$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $comment, $request );
		}

		if ( ! $result ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_delete',
				__( 'The comment cannot be deleted.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		/**
		 * Fires after a comment is deleted via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Comment       $comment  The deleted comment data.
		 * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response returned from the API.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  The request sent to the API.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_delete_comment', $comment, $response, $request );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment output for response.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 5.9.0 Renamed `$comment` to `$item` to match parent class for PHP 8 named parameter support.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $item    Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response Response object.
	 */
	public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) {
		// Restores the more descriptive, specific name for use within this method.
		$comment = $item;

		$fields = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request );
		$data   = array();

		if ( in_array( 'id', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['id'] = (int) $comment->comment_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'post', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['post'] = (int) $comment->comment_post_ID;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'parent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['parent'] = (int) $comment->comment_parent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author'] = (int) $comment->user_id;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_name', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_name'] = $comment->comment_author;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_email', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_email'] = $comment->comment_author_email;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_url', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_url'] = $comment->comment_author_url;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_ip', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_ip'] = $comment->comment_author_IP;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_user_agent', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_user_agent'] = $comment->comment_agent;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'date_gmt', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['date_gmt'] = mysql_to_rfc3339( $comment->comment_date_gmt );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'content', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['content'] = array(
				/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment-template.php */
				'rendered' => apply_filters( 'comment_text', $comment->comment_content, $comment, array() ),
				'raw'      => $comment->comment_content,
			);
		}

		if ( in_array( 'link', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['link'] = get_comment_link( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'status', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['status'] = $this->prepare_status_response( $comment->comment_approved );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'type', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['type'] = get_comment_type( $comment->comment_ID );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'author_avatar_urls', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['author_avatar_urls'] = rest_get_avatar_urls( $comment );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'meta', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['meta'] = $this->meta->get_value( $comment->comment_ID, $request );
		}

		$context = ! empty( $request['context'] ) ? $request['context'] : 'view';
		$data    = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $data, $request );
		$data    = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context );

		// Wrap the data in a response object.
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		if ( rest_is_field_included( '_links', $fields ) || rest_is_field_included( '_embedded', $fields ) ) {
			$response->add_links( $this->prepare_links( $comment ) );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment returned from the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right before it is returned.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Response  $response The response object.
		 * @param WP_Comment        $comment  The original comment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request   $request  Request used to generate the response.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_comment', $response, $comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares links for the request.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return array Links for the given comment.
	 */
	protected function prepare_links( $comment ) {
		$links = array(
			'self'       => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_ID ) ),
			),
			'collection' => array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ),
			),
		);

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			$links['author'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( 'wp/v2/users/' . $comment->user_id ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_post_ID ) {
			$post       = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			$post_route = rest_get_route_for_post( $post );

			if ( ! empty( $post->ID ) && $post_route ) {
				$links['up'] = array(
					'href'       => rest_url( $post_route ),
					'embeddable' => true,
					'post_type'  => $post->post_type,
				);
			}
		}

		if ( 0 !== (int) $comment->comment_parent ) {
			$links['in-reply-to'] = array(
				'href'       => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $comment->comment_parent ) ),
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		// Only grab one comment to verify the comment has children.
		$comment_children = $comment->get_children(
			array(
				'count'   => true,
				'orderby' => 'none',
			)
		);

		if ( ! empty( $comment_children ) ) {
			$args = array(
				'parent' => $comment->comment_ID,
			);

			$rest_url = add_query_arg( $args, rest_url( $this->namespace . '/' . $this->rest_base ) );

			$links['children'] = array(
				'href'       => $rest_url,
				'embeddable' => true,
			);
		}

		return $links;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepends internal property prefix to query parameters to match our response fields.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query_param Query parameter.
	 * @return string The normalized query parameter.
	 */
	protected function normalize_query_param( $query_param ) {
		$prefix = 'comment_';

		switch ( $query_param ) {
			case 'id':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'ID';
				break;
			case 'post':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'post_ID';
				break;
			case 'parent':
				$normalized = $prefix . 'parent';
				break;
			case 'include':
				$normalized = 'comment__in';
				break;
			default:
				$normalized = $prefix . $query_param;
				break;
		}

		return $normalized;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks comment_approved to set comment status for single comment output.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $comment_approved comment status.
	 * @return string Comment status.
	 */
	protected function prepare_status_response( $comment_approved ) {

		switch ( $comment_approved ) {
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$status = 'hold';
				break;

			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$status = 'approved';
				break;

			case 'spam':
			case 'trash':
			default:
				$status = $comment_approved;
				break;
		}

		return $status;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single comment to be inserted into the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return array|WP_Error Prepared comment, otherwise WP_Error object.
	 */
	protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) {
		$prepared_comment = array();

		/*
		 * Allow the comment_content to be set via the 'content' or
		 * the 'content.raw' properties of the Request object.
		 */
		if ( isset( $request['content'] ) && is_string( $request['content'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content'] );
		} elseif ( isset( $request['content']['raw'] ) && is_string( $request['content']['raw'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_content'] = trim( $request['content']['raw'] );
		}

		if ( isset( $request['post'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_post_ID'] = (int) $request['post'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['parent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_parent'] = $request['parent'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author'] ) ) {
			$user = new WP_User( $request['author'] );

			if ( $user->exists() ) {
				$prepared_comment['user_id']              = $user->ID;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author']       = $user->display_name;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $user->user_email;
				$prepared_comment['comment_author_url']   = $user->user_url;
			} else {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_comment_author_invalid',
					__( 'Invalid comment author ID.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_name'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author'] = $request['author_name'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_email'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_email'] = $request['author_email'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_url'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_url'] = $request['author_url'];
		}

		if ( isset( $request['author_ip'] ) && current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $request['author_ip'];
		} elseif ( ! empty( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) && rest_is_ip_address( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
		} else {
			$prepared_comment['comment_author_IP'] = '127.0.0.1';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['author_user_agent'] ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request['author_user_agent'];
		} elseif ( $request->get_header( 'user_agent' ) ) {
			$prepared_comment['comment_agent'] = $request->get_header( 'user_agent' );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['date'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date'] );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $request['date_gmt'] ) ) {
			$date_data = rest_get_date_with_gmt( $request['date_gmt'], true );

			if ( ! empty( $date_data ) ) {
				list( $prepared_comment['comment_date'], $prepared_comment['comment_date_gmt'] ) = $date_data;
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Filters a comment added via the REST API after it is prepared for insertion into the database.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the comment right after it is prepared for the database.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array           $prepared_comment The prepared comment data for `wp_insert_comment`.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request          The current request.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_preprocess_comment', $prepared_comment, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the comment's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function get_item_schema() {
		if ( $this->schema ) {
			return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
		}

		$schema = array(
			'$schema'    => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#',
			'title'      => 'comment',
			'type'       => 'object',
			'properties' => array(
				'id'                => array(
					'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'author'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the user object, if author was a user.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_email'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Email address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'email',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => array( $this, 'check_comment_author_email' ),
						'validate_callback' => null, // Skip built-in validation of 'email'.
					),
				),
				'author_ip'         => array(
					'description' => __( 'IP address for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'ip',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
				),
				'author_name'       => array(
					'description' => __( 'Display name for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'author_url'        => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'author_user_agent' => array(
					'description' => __( 'User agent for the comment author.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
					),
				),
				'content'           => array(
					'description' => __( 'The content for the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
						'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
					),
					'properties'  => array(
						'raw'      => array(
							'description' => __( 'Content for the comment, as it exists in the database.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
						),
						'rendered' => array(
							'description' => __( 'HTML content for the comment, transformed for display.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
							'readonly'    => true,
						),
					),
				),
				'date'              => array(
					'description' => __( "The date the comment was published, in the site's timezone." ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				),
				'date_gmt'          => array(
					'description' => __( 'The date the comment was published, as GMT.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'date-time',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
				),
				'link'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'URL to the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'parent'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID for the parent of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'post'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'The ID of the associated post object.' ),
					'type'        => 'integer',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'default'     => 0,
				),
				'status'            => array(
					'description' => __( 'State of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'arg_options' => array(
						'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
					),
				),
				'type'              => array(
					'description' => __( 'Type of the comment.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		if ( get_option( 'show_avatars' ) ) {
			$avatar_properties = array();

			$avatar_sizes = rest_get_avatar_sizes();

			foreach ( $avatar_sizes as $size ) {
				$avatar_properties[ $size ] = array(
					/* translators: %d: Avatar image size in pixels. */
					'description' => sprintf( __( 'Avatar URL with image size of %d pixels.' ), $size ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'format'      => 'uri',
					'context'     => array( 'embed', 'view', 'edit' ),
				);
			}

			$schema['properties']['author_avatar_urls'] = array(
				'description' => __( 'Avatar URLs for the comment author.' ),
				'type'        => 'object',
				'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
				'readonly'    => true,
				'properties'  => $avatar_properties,
			);
		}

		$schema['properties']['meta'] = $this->meta->get_field_schema();

		$this->schema = $schema;

		return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query params for collections.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Comments collection parameters.
	 */
	public function get_collection_params() {
		$query_params = parent::get_collection_params();

		$query_params['context']['default'] = 'view';

		$query_params['after'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published after a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['author'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes comments assigned to specific user IDs. Requires authorization.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['author_email'] = array(
			'default'     => null,
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to that from a specific author email. Requires authorization.' ),
			'format'      => 'email',
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		$query_params['before'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit response to comments published before a given ISO8601 compliant date.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'date-time',
		);

		$query_params['exclude'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['include'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to specific IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
			'default'     => array(),
		);

		$query_params['offset'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Offset the result set by a specific number of items.' ),
			'type'        => 'integer',
		);

		$query_params['order'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Order sort attribute ascending or descending.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'desc',
			'enum'        => array(
				'asc',
				'desc',
			),
		);

		$query_params['orderby'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Sort collection by comment attribute.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'default'     => 'date_gmt',
			'enum'        => array(
				'date',
				'date_gmt',
				'id',
				'include',
				'post',
				'parent',
				'type',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments of specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['parent_exclude'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Ensure result set excludes specific parent IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['post'] = array(
			'default'     => array(),
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned to specific post IDs.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array(
				'type' => 'integer',
			),
		);

		$query_params['status'] = array(
			'default'           => 'approve',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific status. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['type'] = array(
			'default'           => 'comment',
			'description'       => __( 'Limit result set to comments assigned a specific type. Requires authorization.' ),
			'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
			'type'              => 'string',
			'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
		);

		$query_params['password'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The password for the post if it is password protected.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters REST API collection parameters for the comments controller.
		 *
		 * This filter registers the collection parameter, but does not map the
		 * collection parameter to an internal WP_Comment_Query parameter. Use the
		 * `rest_comment_query` filter to set WP_Comment_Query parameters.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param array $query_params JSON Schema-formatted collection parameters.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_comment_collection_params', $query_params );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the comment_status of a given comment object when creating or updating a comment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string|int $new_status New comment status.
	 * @param int        $comment_id Comment ID.
	 * @return bool Whether the status was changed.
	 */
	protected function handle_status_param( $new_status, $comment_id ) {
		$old_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comment_id );

		if ( $new_status === $old_status ) {
			return false;
		}

		switch ( $new_status ) {
			case 'approved':
			case 'approve':
			case '1':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'approve' );
				break;
			case 'hold':
			case '0':
				$changed = wp_set_comment_status( $comment_id, 'hold' );
				break;
			case 'spam':
				$changed = wp_spam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'unspam':
				$changed = wp_unspam_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'trash':
				$changed = wp_trash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			case 'untrash':
				$changed = wp_untrash_comment( $comment_id );
				break;
			default:
				$changed = false;
				break;
		}

		return $changed;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the post can be read.
	 *
	 * Correctly handles posts with the inherit status.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Post         $post    Post object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether post can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) {
		$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );

		// Return false if custom post type doesn't exist
		if ( ! $post_type ) {
			return false;
		}

		$posts_controller = $post_type->get_rest_controller();

		/*
		 * Ensure the posts controller is specifically a WP_REST_Posts_Controller instance
		 * before using methods specific to that controller.
		 */
		if ( ! $posts_controller instanceof WP_REST_Posts_Controller ) {
			$posts_controller = new WP_REST_Posts_Controller( $post->post_type );
		}

		$has_password_filter = false;

		// Only check password if a specific post was queried for or a single comment
		$requested_post    = ! empty( $request['post'] ) && ( ! is_array( $request['post'] ) || 1 === count( $request['post'] ) );
		$requested_comment = ! empty( $request['id'] );
		if ( ( $requested_post || $requested_comment ) && $posts_controller->can_access_password_content( $post, $request ) ) {
			add_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );

			$has_password_filter = true;
		}

		if ( post_password_required( $post ) ) {
			$result = current_user_can( 'edit_post', $post->ID );
		} else {
			$result = $posts_controller->check_read_permission( $post );
		}

		if ( $has_password_filter ) {
			remove_filter( 'post_password_required', '__return_false' );
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the comment can be read.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment      $comment Comment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request data to check.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be read.
	 */
	protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
			if ( $post ) {
				if ( $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) && 1 === (int) $comment->comment_approved ) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( 0 === get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $comment->user_id ) && get_current_user_id() === (int) $comment->user_id ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a comment can be edited or deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Comment $comment Comment object.
	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be edited or deleted.
	 */
	protected function check_edit_permission( $comment ) {
		if ( 0 === (int) get_current_user_id() ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		return current_user_can( 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks a comment author email for validity.
	 *
	 * Accepts either a valid email address or empty string as a valid comment
	 * author email address. Setting the comment author email to an empty
	 * string is allowed when a comment is being updated.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string          $value   Author email value submitted.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @param string          $param   The parameter name.
	 * @return string|WP_Error The sanitized email address, if valid,
	 *                         otherwise an error.
	 */
	public function check_comment_author_email( $value, $request, $param ) {
		$email = (string) $value;
		if ( empty( $email ) ) {
			return $email;
		}

		$check_email = rest_validate_request_arg( $email, $request, $param );
		if ( is_wp_error( $check_email ) ) {
			return $check_email;
		}

		return $email;
	}

	/**
	 * If empty comments are not allowed, checks if the provided comment content is not empty.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param array $prepared_comment The prepared comment data.
	 * @return bool True if the content is allowed, false otherwise.
	 */
	protected function check_is_comment_content_allowed( $prepared_comment ) {
		$check = wp_parse_args(
			$prepared_comment,
			array(
				'comment_post_ID'      => 0,
				'comment_author'       => null,
				'comment_author_email' => null,
				'comment_author_url'   => null,
				'comment_parent'       => 0,
				'user_id'              => 0,
			)
		);

		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/comment.php */
		$allow_empty = apply_filters( 'allow_empty_comment', false, $check );

		if ( $allow_empty ) {
			return true;
		}

		/*
		 * Do not allow a comment to be created with missing or empty
		 * comment_content. See wp_handle_comment_submission().
		 */
		return '' !== $check['comment_content'];
	}
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				<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Creative_methods_surrounding_spinking_yield_remarkable_design_outcomes</h1>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-07-07T17:53:55+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">July 7, 2026</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://eluxhire.co.uk/author/admin/" title="View all posts by admin" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">admin</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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<p class="toctitle" style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center">
<ul class="toc_list">
<li><a href="#t1">Creative methods surrounding spinking yield remarkable design outcomes</a></li>
<li><a href="#t2">The Foundation of Spinking: Understanding the Core Principles</a></li>
<li><a href="#t3">The Role of Algorithm-Based Spinking</a></li>
<li><a href="#t4">Exploring Variations in Color and Texture within Spinking</a></li>
<li><a href="#t5">Utilizing Gradients and Color Blending Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="#t6">The Application of Spinking Across Diverse Artistic Fields</a></li>
<li><a href="#t7">Spinking in the Realm of Digital Illustration and Animation</a></li>
<li><a href="#t8">The Technical Aspects of Achieving Spinking Effects</a></li>
<li><a href="#t9">Expanding the Boundaries: Future Directions for Spinking</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h1 id="t1">Creative methods surrounding spinking yield remarkable design outcomes</h1>
<p>The realm of artistic expression is constantly evolving, with creators perpetually seeking innovative techniques to distinguish their work. Among these methods, <strong><a href="https://spin-kings.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spinking</a></strong> has emerged as a compelling approach, capturing the attention of designers and artists alike. It isn&#39;t merely a trend, but a versatile methodology capable of yielding remarkable and visually arresting design outcomes, spanning various disciplines from graphic design to textile art and even architectural visualization. Its appeal lies in its ability to introduce an element of controlled chaos, creating pieces that are both aesthetically pleasing and intellectually stimulating.</p>
<p>This technique, fundamentally, revolves around the manipulation of forms and textures through a process of careful layering and blending. It’s a departure from rigid, traditional design principles, embracing fluidity and experimentation. The resulting aesthetic often appears dynamic and organic, resembling natural patterns or abstract landscapes. The potential applications are vast, and the relatively low barrier to entry makes it accessible to both seasoned professionals and aspiring creatives looking to expand their skillset. Exploring the nuances of this process reveals its depth and potential for ongoing innovation.</p>
<h2 id="t2">The Foundation of Spinking: Understanding the Core Principles</h2>
<p>At its heart, spinking is about the generative process—allowing for a degree of randomness while maintaining overall control. This is achieved through a combination of tools and techniques, often involving digital manipulation but equally applicable to traditional mediums. The core principle centers around creating multiple layers of visual information, each with unique characteristics, and then blending them together in a non-linear fashion. This often involves using algorithmic processes or, in the case of traditional art, layering paint, inks, or other materials. The success of the technique relies heavily on understanding how different elements interact when combined, considering factors like color theory, texture mapping, and the overall composition of the piece. It’s not simply about throwing elements together; it&#39;s about orchestrating a harmonious visual experience.</p>
<h3 id="t3">The Role of Algorithm-Based Spinking</h3>
<p>The advent of digital tools has dramatically expanded the possibilities of spinking. Algorithms can be used to generate the initial layers, introducing complexity and unpredictability. This allows artists to explore a wider range of visual forms than would be possible manually. Software often provides parameters to control the randomness, ensuring that the resulting design aligns with the artist’s vision. Parameters such as density, color palette, and texture variations can all be adjusted to achieve specific effects. The algorithmic approach is particularly useful for creating intricate patterns or textures that would be exceedingly difficult to replicate by hand, and it allows for easy iteration and experimentation.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Technique</th>
<th>Applicable Medium</th>
<th>Key Characteristics</th>
<th>Typical Results</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Digital Layering</td>
<td>Digital Art, Graphic Design</td>
<td>Non-destructive blending, precise control</td>
<td>Complex, vibrant designs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ink Marbling</td>
<td>Traditional Fine Art</td>
<td>Fluid dynamics, unpredictable patterns</td>
<td>Organic, swirling textures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Paint Splattering</td>
<td>Painting, Mixed Media</td>
<td>Random distribution, textural depth</td>
<td>Energetic, abstract compositions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Digital Noise Generation</td>
<td>Digital Art, Visual Effects</td>
<td>Algorithmic randomness, textural detail</td>
<td>Surreal, atmospheric imagery</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The table above illustrates several techniques that fall under the umbrella of spinking, showcasing their respective applications and characteristics. This diversity highlights the adaptability of the approach across different artistic disciplines. While the specific methods may vary, the underlying principle of controlled chaos remains constant.</p>
<h2 id="t4">Exploring Variations in Color and Texture within Spinking</h2>
<p>Color and texture are integral to the success of any spinking-based design. The interplay between these elements can create a wide spectrum of visual effects, ranging from subtle and harmonious to bold and dynamic. When working with color, it’s crucial to consider the psychological impact of different hues and their ability to evoke specific emotions or associations. A well-chosen color palette can enhance the overall message of the design and create a sense of coherence. Similarly, texture adds depth and dimensionality to the artwork, influencing the way the viewer perceives the form and surface. Experimenting with different textures – smooth, rough, metallic, organic – can create intriguing contrasts and add visual interest.</p>
<h3 id="t5">Utilizing Gradients and Color Blending Techniques</h3>
<p>Within the context of spinking, gradients and color blending are powerful tools for creating fluid transitions and subtle variations. These techniques can be used to soften harsh edges, create a sense of depth, and add a layer of visual complexity. Employing a wide range of blending modes in digital design software allows for even greater control over how colors interact. For instance, using a “multiply” blending mode can darken areas, while a “screen” blending mode can lighten them. Mastering these techniques allows the artist to create a sense of luminousity or opacity. In traditional painting, washes and glazes can achieve similar effects, although the process is often more intuitive and less precise.</p>
<ul>
<li>Experiment with complementary color schemes to create visual contrast.</li>
<li>Utilize texture overlays to add depth and complexity to the design.</li>
<li>Employ gradients to create smooth transitions and a sense of depth.</li>
<li>Consider the psychological impact of different colors and textures.</li>
<li>Don’t be afraid to break the rules and explore unconventional combinations.</li>
</ul>
<p>The list above provides some practical guidelines for working with color and texture in spinking. Remember that experimentation is key to discovering new and innovative techniques. By embracing a playful approach, artists can unlock the full potential of this versatile methodology.</p>
<h2 id="t6">The Application of Spinking Across Diverse Artistic Fields</h2>
<p>The beauty of spinking lies in its versatility. It’s not confined to a single artistic discipline but can be adapted and applied to a wide range of creative endeavors. In graphic design, spinking techniques can be used to create eye-catching backgrounds, abstract illustrations, and unique typography. In textile art, it can inspire intricate patterns and textures on fabrics. Within architecture, spinking approaches can inform the design of facades and interior spaces, creating dynamic and visually engaging environments. Its ability to introduce subtle complexity and a sense of organic flow makes it especially well-suited for projects seeking a modern and sophisticated aesthetic.</p>
<h3 id="t7">Spinking in the Realm of Digital Illustration and Animation</h3>
<p>Digital illustration and animation are areas where spinking truly shines. Software tools provide a vast array of options for manipulating layers, textures, and colors, allowing artists to create stunning visual effects. The non-destructive nature of digital workflows allows for easy experimentation and iteration. Animators can use spinking techniques to create dynamic backgrounds, abstract transitions, and character effects. It&#39;s a particularly effective method for generating visually complex scenes that would be difficult or time-consuming to create using traditional methods. The ability to control and refine every detail ensures that the final result aligns perfectly with the artistic vision. </p>
<ol>
<li>Begin with a solid foundation of color and composition.</li>
<li>Layer multiple textures and patterns to create depth.</li>
<li>Experiment with different blending modes and opacity settings.</li>
<li>Utilize gradients and color transitions to create smooth flows.</li>
<li>Refine the details and adjust the overall balance of the design.</li>
</ol>
<p>These steps outline a basic workflow for applying spinking techniques in digital illustration. Each step provides an opportunity for creative exploration and personalization.</p>
<h2 id="t8">The Technical Aspects of Achieving Spinking Effects</h2>
<p>While the artistic vision is paramount, understanding the technical aspects of achieving spinking effects is crucial for producing high-quality results. Whether working digitally or traditionally, certain tools and techniques are essential. In the digital realm, proficiency with image editing software like Adobe Photoshop or Affinity Photo is invaluable. Familiarity with layering, masking, blending modes, and filters is key to manipulating visual elements effectively. For traditional artists, knowledge of different painting mediums, ink techniques, and printmaking processes is essential. The choice of materials and tools will significantly impact the final outcome. Moreover, understanding concepts like color management and resolution is crucial for ensuring that the artwork is reproduced accurately and consistently.</p>
<h2 id="t9">Expanding the Boundaries: Future Directions for Spinking</h2>
<p>The journey of exploring spinking techniques is far from over. As technology continues to advance and artistic sensibilities evolve, new avenues for innovation will undoubtedly emerge. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) opens up exciting possibilities for automating certain aspects of the process, accelerating experimentation, and generating novel visual forms. We might see algorithms capable of creating spinking-based designs based on specific aesthetic preferences or data inputs. Furthermore, the convergence of physical and digital mediums could lead to interactive installations that respond to audience participation, transforming the viewing experience into a dynamic and immersive one. The future of spinking lies in embracing these technological advancements and pushing the boundaries of creative expression. The potential integration with augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) spaces offers further opportunities for immersive and interactive experiences built upon the principles of layered complexity and dynamic visual textures.</p>
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